八年級上冊英語語法整理
語法的學(xué)習(xí)是我們學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要基礎(chǔ)知識點，今天小編要和大家分享的是八年級上冊英語語法整理(人教版)，希望能夠幫助到大家好好學(xué)習(xí)并掌握這部分知識，趕快學(xué)習(xí)起來吧。
八年級上冊英語語法整理(人教版)
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法：
1.結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句，即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他)
疑問代詞：
1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關(guān)系，如果做定語，一般后接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which girls will be in the sports meeting?
Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問副詞：
1)When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?
2)Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?
3)Why為什么，詢問原因， Why are you late for school?
4)How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等
How do you usually go to school?
5)How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jim’s little brother?
6)How many/much多少，詢問數(shù)量
How many birds are there in the tree?
7)How far多遠(yuǎn)，詢問距離，
How far is it form your home to school?
8)How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離
How long will you stay in Beijing?
9)How often多長時間按一次，詢問頻率
How often do you go to see your grandparents?
10How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動作發(fā)生的頻率，never, hardly ever,sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態(tài)動詞should,情態(tài)動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，后接動詞原形.
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來 一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式，但用于表示將來。用進(jìn)行時表將來，常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問句是將be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑問句“疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?！?/p>
What are you doing for vacation?
When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with?
Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用于提出建議、請求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
乘坐交通工具的表達(dá)方式：by subway/train/bike..., on foot ...
I usually take the bus to school./I usually go to school by bus(on/in the bus).
My father sometimes rides his bike to work./My father sometimes goes to work by bike(on his bike).
My grandmother always walks to the supermarket./My grandmother always goes to the supermarket on foot.
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及其問答
一.情態(tài)動詞can的用法：
Can 是最長用的情態(tài)動詞，其后跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can’t.
1.can表“能力”，意思是：能，會 I can play basketball,but I can’t swim.
2.can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態(tài)，常被用來表示can所不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to make a model spaceship in three months.
3.表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
4.表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
5.表示“驚訝、不相信等(用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
二.如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
1.表達(dá)邀請的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
2.接受邀請的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. Of course. OK. I’d love to.
3.謝絕邀請的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. but I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…/Im doing.....
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級
一.規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化(課本P93)
二.than 是比較級中最常見的標(biāo)志詞，意思是“比”。用于引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am./ You are older than me.
三.形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示“甚至，更加，還要……”even bigger還要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 等修飾原級
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar:
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
一.可數(shù)名詞
英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其復(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外)，如two bananas, three tomatoes， many apples，a few students
二.不可數(shù)名詞
1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much(much rain)，
a little (a little milk).
4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑問句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in 2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。該時態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
一.Be動詞句型
一般疑問句：was/were +主語…
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句：主語+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasn’t/weren’t+…
二.行為動詞句型(當(dāng)句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要借助動詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否定句)
肯定式：主語+動詞過去式
否定式：主語+didn’t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形
特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，不同之處在于須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態(tài)，即“特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù))+主語+(表語)+其他成分”或“特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分?！?/p>
一、以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問，句型是：
When was/were …born? … was/were born in/on +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時候出生的?He was born in 1975/in July 1975/on July 5,1975.
二.以how long 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進(jìn)行提問。句型是：
How long did + 主語+動詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時候開始打嗝?When +did+主語+動詞?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來時
表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態(tài)動詞的特點：(1)情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時，直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加not,無需加助動詞。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態(tài)動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為“能，會，可以?！眂an’t, 意為“不能，不會，不可以?！?，還有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個 “最……”見課本p93語法
1.the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
2.the +序數(shù)詞+最高級 He is the third tallest (student) in his class.
3.表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒有最高級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.
4.形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞并與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
5.Who/Which +be+最高級，A,B,or C? Which is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
6.one of the +最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
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