高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)除了在課堂的學(xué)習(xí)，在課下的練習(xí)也是非常的重要，常言道:“功夫在課外”。課上的時(shí)間有限，大多是解決問(wèn)題和學(xué)習(xí)新的內(nèi)容，所以課下的吸收和復(fù)習(xí)尤為重要。接下來(lái)是小編為大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全，希望大家喜歡!
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全一
系動(dòng)詞用法和分類
01
【聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞】
連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞稱為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。不能獨(dú)立存在 ，后面必須跟表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的身份、類別、特征、狀態(tài)等。
【舉例】
He felt ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。
felt是系動(dòng)詞，后跟表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況。
02
【感官動(dòng)詞】
常見：Feel, smell, sound, taste, touch
【舉例】
Those oranges on sale taste good.賣的那些橘子嘗起來(lái)很好吃。
03
【狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞】
表主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be。
【舉例】
He is director of our department.他是我們部門的主任。
04
【持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞】
Keep, rest, remain, stay, lie，表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度
【舉例】
The meat will keep/stay fresh for several days.肉會(huì)保鮮好幾天的。
這類詞表示具有或保持某種特征或狀態(tài)。
05
【變化系動(dòng)詞】
Become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run，表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣。
【舉例】
He became fat in winter holiday.他這個(gè)假期變胖了。
很多系動(dòng)詞可以當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞,也可以當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,但用法有所不同。
06
【雙謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞】
此類系動(dòng)詞既有系動(dòng)詞的功能，后接表語(yǔ)，又保留原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身的含義。
【舉例】
The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆積在地上。
He married young. 他結(jié)婚很早
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全二
定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)習(xí)題精選
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認(rèn)出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend. KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that
6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where
11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that
16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that
21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose
26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全三
定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)句子。
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
1 、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ)，若指物，它還可以同of which互換)，例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行詞為those, people 時(shí)
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時(shí)
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
?、茉赥here be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
?、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
?、拊谟袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin. d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)
He is not the man that he used to be.
2 、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
?、僭诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中，"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. ②含有介詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級(jí) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
4、as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別
由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法區(qū)別：
(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測(cè)、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全四
1、be certain/ be sure
be uncertain about意思是“對(duì)……不確定(沒(méi)把握)”
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定會(huì)做……”(表示某事將要發(fā)生)。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”(表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài))。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
2、be different from 與……不同
Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。
對(duì)比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。
3、be familiar with/be familiar to
be familiar with的主語(yǔ)是有生命的事，意為“某人對(duì)人、事熟悉”;be familiar to 的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的事物，意為“某人/事為某人所熟悉”，對(duì)比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語(yǔ)名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國(guó)人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對(duì)歐洲歷史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to 還表示“精通、通曉”
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就象對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣精通。
[應(yīng)用] 一句多譯
?、龠@些事實(shí)是每個(gè)學(xué)生都熟悉的。
?、谒?種語(yǔ)言。
Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.
?、赟he is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.
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高中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全
