句型轉(zhuǎn)換這一題型是先給出一個(gè)句子，然后再給出一個(gè)包含幾個(gè)空白處的句子，要求根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的具體要求在第二句的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來(lái)完成。它有完全的句式轉(zhuǎn)換和句子中某一部分或幾部分的轉(zhuǎn)換。下面就來(lái)跟小編一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)吧。
中考題型：句型轉(zhuǎn)換

　　從題型上看，句型轉(zhuǎn)換可分為兩大類(lèi)：

　　一是按要求改寫(xiě)句子。即按照指定要求將原句改寫(xiě)成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改為否定句，陳述句改為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句、感嘆句，對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)等。

　　另一類(lèi)是同義句、近義句的轉(zhuǎn)換，即要求用不同的句型，不同的語(yǔ)言手段表達(dá)相同的思想。

　　本期我們先來(lái)看看按要求改寫(xiě)句子的具體情況。同義句、近義句的轉(zhuǎn)換我們將在下一期做詳細(xì)介紹。

　　按要求改寫(xiě)句子

　　按要求改寫(xiě)句子的具體分類(lèi)如下：

　　一、肯定句改為否定句

　　1. 改變謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　在系動(dòng)詞be， become， feel， smell等，助動(dòng)詞be， have， do 等以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can， may， should等后加not.如果句子的謂語(yǔ)中不是以上這些詞，而是行為動(dòng)詞，則相應(yīng)地將動(dòng)詞的原形，第三人稱單數(shù)或過(guò)去式變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如?/p>

　　He has seen the film before.

　　→He hasn“t seen the film before.

　　He will write the book in two months.

　　→He won“t write the book in two months.

　　He does his homework in the evening.

　　→He doesn“t do his homework in the evening.

　　2. 用含否定意義的詞(如never， nothing， nobody， none， neither， little， few等)。

　　(1)always / ever →never， and →or.如：

　　He was always late for school last term.

　　→He was never late for school last term.

　　(2)too→not…either， already→not…yet.如：

　　He goes to school by bike， too.

　　→He doesn“t go to school by bike， either.

　　(3)all→none， both→neither， both…and →neither…nor，此時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用肯定形式，但當(dāng)neither作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：“neither …nor…”連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

　　He knows all of the workers here.

　　→He knows none of the workers here.

　　Both of the twins are from England.

　　→Neither of the twins is from England.

　　3. 當(dāng)think， believe， suppose等動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用否定主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)達(dá)到否定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的目的。如：

　　I think they can come tonight.

　　→I don“t think they can come tonight.

　　二、陳述句改為疑問(wèn)句

　　1. 一般疑問(wèn)句。

　　Sam often does his homework in the evening.

　　→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

　　2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句。

　　I got there the day before yesterday.

　　→When did you get there?

　　3. 反意疑問(wèn)句。

　　Mary doesn“t work hard.

　　→Mary doesn“t work hard， does she?

　　注意：Let“s和Let us祈使句的附加問(wèn)句分別為shall we 和will you.如：

　　Let“s go out for a walk， shall we?

　　三、陳述句改為感嘆句

　　The film is very interesting.

　　→How interesting the film is!

　　It“s a beautiful flower.

　　→What a beautiful flower it is!

　　一般情況下，what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

　　How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch it is!

　　四、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)

　　就劃線部分提問(wèn)，是用一個(gè)合適的疑問(wèn)詞去替代句中的某一成分，使之成為一個(gè)特殊問(wèn)句。其方法主要是：先依據(jù)語(yǔ)意選擇相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞和疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，句末改用問(wèn)號(hào)。這時(shí)我們要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞。

　　(2)對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，用陳述句語(yǔ)序。對(duì)定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，所修飾的名詞應(yīng)放在疑問(wèn)詞后。

　　(3)對(duì)其它成分提問(wèn)，用“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”語(yǔ)序。如：

　　My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.

　　→Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?

　　Lily“s dog has lost.

　　→Whose dog has lost?

　　Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.

　　→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

　　句型轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)題廣，部分試題難度較大，這就要求同學(xué)們有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功和熟練的解題技巧。

　　對(duì)于按要求改寫(xiě)句子的試題：首先應(yīng)注意“要求”的內(nèi)容;二是要注意選詞的準(zhǔn)確;三是要注意各種句型的特殊點(diǎn);四是要注意大小寫(xiě)和拼寫(xiě)的正確。如：

　　1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. (改為復(fù)合句)

　　The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can“t work it out.

　　2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. (改為否定句)

　　_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.

　　3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. (改為特殊疑問(wèn)句)

　　____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?

　　4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.

　　答案與簡(jiǎn)析：

　　1. too…to…(太……而不能……)=so …that …not (如此……以致……不……)，所以，應(yīng)該填so， that.

　　2. 從轉(zhuǎn)換后的句式中沒(méi)有明確的否定詞not可知不能用助動(dòng)詞加not的形式來(lái)完成。再根據(jù)both的反義詞是neither，主語(yǔ)又是the surfers，因此應(yīng)填Neither of.

　　3. 本題實(shí)際上是對(duì)“by plane”提問(wèn)，改換后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”，因此，該將“by plane”改為“what”，后一個(gè)空用“is”。

　　4. 由showed確定要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填were shown / showed.