中考題型介紹及解題指導(dǎo):句型轉(zhuǎn)換
句型轉(zhuǎn)換這一題型是先給出一個句子,然后再給出一個包含幾個空白處的句子,要求根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的具體要求在第二句的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來完成。它有完全的句式轉(zhuǎn)換和句子中某一部分或幾部分的轉(zhuǎn)換。下面就來跟小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)這個語法結(jié)構(gòu)吧。
中考題型:句型轉(zhuǎn)換
從題型上看,句型轉(zhuǎn)換可分為兩大類:
一是按要求改寫句子。即按照指定要求將原句改寫成其他形式的句子,如肯定句改為否定句,陳述句改為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反意疑問句、感嘆句,對劃線部分提問等。
另一類是同義句、近義句的轉(zhuǎn)換,即要求用不同的句型,不同的語言手段表達(dá)相同的思想。
本期我們先來看看按要求改寫句子的具體情況。同義句、近義句的轉(zhuǎn)換我們將在下一期做詳細(xì)介紹。
按要求改寫句子
按要求改寫句子的具體分類如下:
一、肯定句改為否定句
1. 改變謂語結(jié)構(gòu)
在系動詞be, become, feel, smell等,助動詞be, have, do 等以及情態(tài)動詞can, may, should等后加not.如果句子的謂語中不是以上這些詞,而是行為動詞,則相應(yīng)地將動詞的原形,第三人稱單數(shù)或過去式變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如?/p>
He has seen the film before.
→He hasn“t seen the film before.
He will write the book in two months.
→He won“t write the book in two months.
He does his homework in the evening.
→He doesn“t do his homework in the evening.
2. 用含否定意義的詞(如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few等)。
(1)always / ever →never, and →or.如:
He was always late for school last term.
→He was never late for school last term.
(2)too→not…either, already→not…yet.如:
He goes to school by bike, too.
→He doesn“t go to school by bike, either.
(3)all→none, both→neither, both…and →neither…nor,此時,謂語動詞仍用肯定形式,但當(dāng)neither作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:“neither …nor…”連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)和靠近它的主語保持一致。如:
He knows all of the workers here.
→He knows none of the workers here.
Both of the twins are from England.
→Neither of the twins is from England.
3. 當(dāng)think, believe, suppose等動詞后面跟賓語從句時,通常用否定主句的謂語動詞來達(dá)到否定從句謂語動詞的目的。如:
I think they can come tonight.
→I don“t think they can come tonight.
二、陳述句改為疑問句
1. 一般疑問句。
Sam often does his homework in the evening.
→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?
2. 特殊疑問句。
I got there the day before yesterday.
→When did you get there?
3. 反意疑問句。
Mary doesn“t work hard.
→Mary doesn“t work hard, does she?
注意:Let“s和Let us祈使句的附加問句分別為shall we 和will you.如:
Let“s go out for a walk, shall we?
三、陳述句改為感嘆句
The film is very interesting.
→How interesting the film is!
It“s a beautiful flower.
→What a beautiful flower it is!
一般情況下,what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch it is!
四、對劃線部分提問
就劃線部分提問,是用一個合適的疑問詞去替代句中的某一成分,使之成為一個特殊問句。其方法主要是:先依據(jù)語意選擇相應(yīng)的疑問詞和疑問句語序,句末改用問號。這時我們要注意以下幾點:
(1)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。
(2)對主語或主語的定語提問時,用陳述句語序。對定語提問時,所修飾的名詞應(yīng)放在疑問詞后。
(3)對其它成分提問,用“疑問詞+一般疑問句”語序。如:
My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.
→Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?
Lily“s dog has lost.
→Whose dog has lost?
Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.
→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?
句型轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)題廣,部分試題難度較大,這就要求同學(xué)們有扎實的語言基本功和熟練的解題技巧。
對于按要求改寫句子的試題:首先應(yīng)注意“要求”的內(nèi)容;二是要注意選詞的準(zhǔn)確;三是要注意各種句型的特殊點;四是要注意大小寫和拼寫的正確。如:
1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. (改為復(fù)合句)
The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can“t work it out.
2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. (改為否定句)
_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.
3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. (改為特殊疑問句)
____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?
4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. (改為被動語態(tài))
We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.
答案與簡析:
1. too…to…(太……而不能……)=so …that …not (如此……以致……不……),所以,應(yīng)該填so, that.
2. 從轉(zhuǎn)換后的句式中沒有明確的否定詞not可知不能用助動詞加not的形式來完成。再根據(jù)both的反義詞是neither,主語又是the surfers,因此應(yīng)填Neither of.
3. 本題實際上是對“by plane”提問,改換后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”,因此,該將“by plane”改為“what”,后一個空用“is”。
4. 由showed確定要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),故填were shown / showed.