高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧
單項(xiàng)填空題的設(shè)計(jì)按照語境化命題原則,純語法規(guī)則的試題減少,考查英語能力、理解能力及邏輯推理能力的試題增加,突出語境。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧,供大家參閱!
高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧:高考英語單項(xiàng)填空答題技巧
復(fù)習(xí)也要有章法,挑重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)才是關(guān)鍵,2014高考如何復(fù)習(xí)一直都是學(xué)生們關(guān)注的話題,小編整理了2014高考英語單項(xiàng)填空答題技巧,希望為大家提供服務(wù)。
2014高考英語單項(xiàng)填空答題技巧:
【單項(xiàng)填空答題技巧、解題方法】
單項(xiàng)填空主要考查三個(gè)方面:1、英語語法知識(shí);2、對近義詞或習(xí)慣用語的辨析;3、日常交際用語。這三個(gè)方面各有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律,因此了解這些規(guī)律,掌握這些規(guī)律,就能逐漸形成答好單項(xiàng)填空題目的解題技巧。高考的學(xué)生要想快又準(zhǔn)地做好單選題,必須具備下列技巧:
1、題眼法:"題眼"是指題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號(hào),它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。
2、還原法:把倒裝式、強(qiáng)調(diào)式或疑問式的題干變換為陳述句,再選就容易多了
3、歸類法:根據(jù)句意,把選項(xiàng)分組歸類,縮小范圍,提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。
4、推理法:根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可填入的情況下,要認(rèn)真閱讀全句,仔細(xì)體會(huì)其語境,根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行判斷。
5、排除法:對于難度較大的題,一時(shí)不知道選哪一個(gè)。這時(shí)要逐個(gè)試填,最后,選取組成最好語境的選項(xiàng),高中英語。
高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧:高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題方法
單項(xiàng)填空解題方法
解答單項(xiàng)填空題時(shí),考生要認(rèn)真分析語境,正確理解句意,把握好題干中的全部信息,對各個(gè)選項(xiàng)也要進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析,并從詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等角度綜合考慮,進(jìn)行合理推斷,才可能選出符合題干要求的最佳答案。
一、分析語境,理解句意
單項(xiàng)填空題基本上都是將語法知識(shí)融入到具體的語境中,考查學(xué)生實(shí)際的語言應(yīng)用能力,而不是考查純語法知識(shí)。所以認(rèn)真分析語境,正確理解句意,是做好單項(xiàng)填空題的基礎(chǔ)。切忌片面理解,望文生義。如:
1.She can’t help the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A.to clean B.cleaning
C.cleaned D.being cleaned
解析:答案為A。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的用法。該句的句意是“她不能幫助打掃房屋,因?yàn)樗τ谧龅案狻?rdquo;根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,即:help (to) do sth.,意思是“幫助干某事”。而can't help doing是“抑制不住” “情不自禁”的意思,在此處與該句的句意不符。
2.She was hanging wet clothes in the balcony(陽臺(tái))when she heard a strange sound from upstairs.Then she looked forward to what had happened.
A.see B.saw C.seeing D.being seen
解析:答案為A。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語的用法。該句的句意是“她正在陽臺(tái)晾衣服時(shí)聽到樓上傳來奇怪的聲音,她便探出頭去看看發(fā)生了什么事。”根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作“Looked forward(探出頭去)”的目的狀語:考生容易受短語look forward to doing sth.(盼望做……)的誤導(dǎo),錯(cuò)選C。
3.——Clothes in Shanghai are not very expensive,are they?
——Yes,they are in Beijing.
A.less expensive than B.much cheaper than
C.more expensive than D.as cheap as
解析:答案為c。本題考查比較級(jí)的用法。該對話的意思是“上海的服裝不貴,是不是?”“貴,比北京的服裝貴。”如果不注意該對話的語境,而是用漢語的理解方式去理解,很容易把意思理解反了,即:是的,不貴。那么A、B、D都可以選了。
二、分析結(jié)構(gòu),辯清語法 單項(xiàng)填空題的題干大部分都是復(fù)合句,句子成分比較復(fù)雜,考生必須認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),理清句子上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和句子成分,辨清語法內(nèi)容,這樣不僅可以促進(jìn)句意的理解,而且可以明了該題的考查意圖,這樣就能更準(zhǔn)確地選出最佳答案。
如:
1. such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
解析:答案為A。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語的用法。根據(jù)該句的句意“河流已經(jīng)受到污染,要想再來治理就太晚了。”可知,動(dòng)詞“suffer(遭受)”的邏輯主語是the river,邏輯主語the river與suffer是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的動(dòng)作在主句之前發(fā)生,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)。而to suffer是動(dòng)詞不定式,可作目的狀語,但與該句的句意不符。
2.Although we may not realize ,when we talk with others,we make ourselves understood not just by words.
A.this B.that C.it D.these
解析:答案為C。本題考查人稱代詞it的用法。該句的句意是“當(dāng)我們與別人交談時(shí),我們不僅僅通過語言讓別人明白自己的意思,盡管我們可能沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。” 由于該句中Although we may not realize ,是讓步狀語從句,那么when we talk with others,we make ourselves understood not just by words.應(yīng)該是主句,只不過主句中還有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句When we talk with others,說明該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,該空后不應(yīng)該是賓語從句,不能用that來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如果該句用that來引導(dǎo),那么該句就只有一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,而沒有主句,句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知該空應(yīng)該用人稱代詞讓指代主句When we talk with others,we make ourselves understood not just by words.的內(nèi)容。
3.Last week our maths teacher gave us so difficult an exam problem none of us worked out.
A. that B. Which C. as D.so that
解析:答案為C。本題考查定語從句的用法。該句的句意是“上周我們的數(shù)學(xué)老師給我們出了一道很難的題,我們中沒有人解答出來。”該題在選擇時(shí)很容易受句意的影響而錯(cuò)選A。如果選A,該句應(yīng)該是Last week our maths teacher gave us so difficult an exam problem that none of us worked it out.因?yàn)樵摼溆辛巳朔Q代詞it,說明后一句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,該句是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句,當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)。由于該句沒有人稱代詞it,說明該句缺賓語,該句應(yīng)該是定語從句,修飾先行詞so difficult an exam problem,先行詞前有so,那么引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞as。
三、綜合推斷,選擇最佳 解答單項(xiàng)填空題時(shí),考生除了要正確理解句意,辨清語法內(nèi)容外,還要從習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等角度綜合考慮,進(jìn)行合理推斷,才可能選出符合題干要求的最佳答案。如:
1.I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
解析:答案為B。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語和虛擬語氣的用法。would/should love=would/should like后只能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。由“but I had to work extra hours to finish a report(但我不得不加班完成一篇報(bào)告)”這一信息句可知“昨天晚上我本想去參加晚會(huì)(而由此我沒去)”。故應(yīng)該后接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式作賓語,構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。該句可理解為:If I hadn't worked extra hours to finish a report,I would have gone to the party last night.
2.Shirley a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A.has written B.wrote
C.had written D.was writing
解析:答案為D。本題考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。該句的句意是“雪萊去年在寫一本關(guān)于中國的書,但我不知道她現(xiàn)在寫完沒有。”由表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的并列分句but I don't know whether she has finished it可知,Shirley去年在寫書一事肯定是在進(jìn)行中。表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。而一般過去時(shí)主要用來表示在特定過去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài),也可表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ,of course,made the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
解析:答案為B。本題考查非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法。根據(jù)上下文的理解可知這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞who只用于先行詞是人的情況;this不是關(guān)系詞,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;關(guān)系代詞which既可以用于限制性定語從句,又可以用于非限制性定語從句中,在非限制性定語從句中可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。在此句中which指代的先行詞是整個(gè)主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly other role in the play,”,在定語從句中作主語。該句的句意是“多蘿西老是稱贊自己在戲劇中扮演的角色,這當(dāng)然使其他人不高興。”
高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧:高考英語單項(xiàng)填空解題技巧
單項(xiàng)填空難題解題技巧
一、“還原法” 當(dāng)題干出現(xiàn)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致理解困難時(shí),最好是將其還原成自然語序,這樣就會(huì)消除因句子成分的錯(cuò)位而導(dǎo)致的思維混亂,使理解變得容易起來。如:
1.Is this tower Mr. Lu Xun mentioned in his novel?
A.that B.which C.what D.the one
解析:答案為D。本題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和定語從句的用法。該句是疑問句語序,如果將其還原為陳述語序, 即:This tower is Mr.Lu Xun mentioned in his novel.該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)一目了然,應(yīng)該用the one作表語,其后的定語從句省略了關(guān)系代詞which或that。因句子的主語this tower是特指,故which和what在語意上都不能指代,而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。
2.——Next week we'll have the final English exams.
——Yes? Then,every minute must be made full use English.
A.of studying B.to study C.of being studied D.of to study
解析:答案為D。本題考查介詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該句用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),將其還原為主動(dòng)語態(tài), 即:We must make full use of every minute to study English.make full use of是固定短語,every minute是它的賓語,其后應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。該句的句意是“那么,我們必須充分利用每一分鐘去學(xué)英語。”
3.The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
解析:答案為C。本題考查介詞的辨析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知謂語動(dòng)詞have taken后的賓語從句是一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,單獨(dú)分析這個(gè)感嘆句就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)there be句型的主語是little of my spare time,只是因?yàn)橛脀hat表示感嘆而把little提前了。如果該句還原為一個(gè)陳述句,即:there is little of my spare time,或把my spare time同時(shí)提前就更好理解了,即:What little of my spare time there is!該句的句意是“住房裝修花去我的業(yè)余時(shí)間是多么的少呀!”
4.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
解析:答案為C。本題考查過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。that they would like to see the next year是定語從句,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)該把先行詞the plan還原到定語從句中進(jìn)行分析,即:they would like to see the plan the next year.這樣就容易看出the plan與賓語補(bǔ)足語carry out之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞短語carried out作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
二、“補(bǔ)全法”當(dāng)題干出現(xiàn)省略結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致理解困難時(shí),最好是將其省略的句子成份補(bǔ)充完整,這樣就會(huì)消除因句子成分的缺失而導(dǎo)致的思維斷層,使理解變得容易起來。如:
1.——What do you think made Mary so upset?
—— her new bicycle.
A.As she lost B.Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
解析:答案為C。本題考查動(dòng)名詞短語作主語的用法。該句實(shí)際上是個(gè)省略句,補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是“Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.”,Losing在此處是動(dòng)名詞,與her new bicycle一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語作主語。答案A、D是回答why的問題,而不是回答what的問題。
2.——Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
—— enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting
解析:答案為C。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語的用法。該句補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是“I always make you eat an egg every day to get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”。動(dòng)詞不定式短語To get...在句子中作目的狀語。
3.——I can't find Mr. Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?
——It was in the hotel he stayed.
A.that B,where C.which D.the one
解析:答案為B。本題考查定語從句的用法。該句補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是“It was in the hotel he stayed that I met him this morning.”該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型,he stayed應(yīng)該是一個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞the hotel,先行詞the hotel在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,所以用where引導(dǎo)。
三、“去枝葉法”當(dāng)題干有插入成份、修飾語或語法結(jié)構(gòu)把原本連在一起的句子成份分裂開時(shí),最好是將其暫時(shí)去掉,將分裂開的成份連接起來,這樣就會(huì)消除因句子成分的繁雜而導(dǎo)致的思維沖突,使理解變得容易起來。如:
1.The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.
A.to be robbed B.robbed C.to have been robbed D.having been robbed
解析:答案為C。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語的用法。該句如果暫時(shí)去掉地點(diǎn)狀語in the local newspaper,即:The bank is reported in broad daylight yesterday.可直接看出該句是“be reported/said/believed/known/...+to do sth./to have done sth.”句型,動(dòng)詞rob與邏輯主語the bank是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,時(shí)間狀語yesterday是過去,故應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成被動(dòng)式。
2.Which do you enjoy your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend
解析:答案為B。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語的用法。該句如果暫時(shí)去掉狀語 your weekends,即:Which do you enjoy,fishing or watching TV?可直接看出該句動(dòng)詞enjoy已經(jīng)有了賓語fishing or watching TV,故該空不是動(dòng)詞enjoy的賓語,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該是目的狀語,所以要用動(dòng)詞不定式。
3.What is the way Della thought of enough money to buy Jim a Christmas gift?
A.to get B.got C. getting D.having got
解析:答案為A。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的用法。該句中Della thought of是定語從句,極易誤選C。如果將定語從句Della thought of暫時(shí)去掉,即:What is the way enough money to buy Jim a Christmas gift?可直接看出the way后應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。
結(jié)論
解答單項(xiàng)填空題時(shí),考生要認(rèn)真分析語境,正確理解句意,把握好題干中的全部信息,對各個(gè)選項(xiàng)也要進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析,并從詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等角度綜合考慮,進(jìn)行合理推斷,才可能選出符合題干要求的最佳答案。這一復(fù)雜的過程,考生必須用半分鐘左右時(shí)間完成,因此難度很大。考生要想提高單項(xiàng)填空的解題能力,就必須遵循循序漸進(jìn)、由淺入深的原則,進(jìn)行反復(fù)的操練,使得這方面的思維具有流暢性。而正確的解題方法是考生提高單項(xiàng)填空的解題能力的必要條件。掌握解題技巧又可使考生在訓(xùn)練中獲得事半功倍的效果。