經(jīng)典新概念英語(yǔ)美文閱讀
《新概念英語(yǔ)》歷來(lái)受到英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)習(xí)者的青睞,可在英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)上最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛能。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的經(jīng)典新概念英語(yǔ)美文閱讀，歡迎閱讀!
經(jīng)典新概念英語(yǔ)美文閱讀篇一
American Revolution
美國(guó)革命
The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.
美國(guó)革命從發(fā)生根本和徹底變化的意義上說(shuō)其實(shí)并不算是一場(chǎng)革命。這次革命并不是對(duì)政治和社會(huì)框架的一次突然和猛烈的顛覆，諸如后來(lái)在已經(jīng)是獨(dú)立國(guó)家的法國(guó)和俄國(guó)所爆發(fā)的革命那樣。
Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.
革命帶來(lái)了重大的變化，但并非翻天覆地，所發(fā)生的只是進(jìn)化的加速，而不是一場(chǎng)徹底的革命。在沖突期間，人們?nèi)匀簧习?、做禮拜、結(jié)婚、玩耍。大多數(shù)人并沒(méi)有受到實(shí)際戰(zhàn)斗的嚴(yán)重影響。許多較閉塞的社區(qū)對(duì)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)幾乎一無(wú)所知。
America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer -- the United States -- based itself squarely on republican principles.
美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣布了三個(gè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的誕生，其中一個(gè)是加拿大。加拿大的第一大批講英語(yǔ)的流入人口來(lái)自于成千上萬(wàn)英王的效忠者，這些人從美國(guó)逃到了加拿大。另一個(gè)國(guó)家是澳大利亞，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)不再是容納罪犯和欠債者的國(guó)度了，澳大利亞就變成了一個(gè)懲治罪犯的殖民地。第三個(gè)國(guó)家就是美國(guó)，它完全建立在共和原則基礎(chǔ)上。
Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.
然而即使政治上的顛覆也不如人們可能想象的那樣具有革命性。在一些州，特別是康涅狄格和羅德島，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)基本上只是承認(rèn)了已經(jīng)存在的殖民地的自治。四處被驅(qū)逐的英國(guó)官員都被本土的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)所替代，這個(gè)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)迅速地尋求地方權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)來(lái)替代國(guó)王和議會(huì)。
經(jīng)典新概念英語(yǔ)美文閱讀篇二
Types of Speech
言語(yǔ)的類型
Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法包括那些為使用這種語(yǔ)言的大多數(shù)人在任何場(chǎng)合下理解、使用和接受的詞和短語(yǔ)，而不論該場(chǎng)合是否正式。這些詞和短語(yǔ)的意義已很確定并被列入了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詞典中。
Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations.
相反，俗語(yǔ)是指那些幾乎所有講這種語(yǔ)言的人都理解并在非正式的口頭或書(shū)面中使用，卻不適用于更正規(guī)的一些場(chǎng)合的詞和短語(yǔ)。
Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.
幾乎所有的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)都屬于俗語(yǔ)，然而俚語(yǔ)指的是為很多講這種語(yǔ)言的人理解但大多數(shù)人不把它們列入好的、正式用法之內(nèi)的詞和短語(yǔ);俗語(yǔ)甚至俚語(yǔ)都可能在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)字典中查到，但是字典中會(huì)標(biāo)明它們的性質(zhì)。俗語(yǔ)和俚語(yǔ)詞匯的應(yīng)用都是口頭較多、筆頭較少。
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.
俗語(yǔ)用法經(jīng)常地被接受為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法。一些俚語(yǔ)也變成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，但另外一些俚語(yǔ)只經(jīng)歷了短暫的流行，而后就被棄之不用了。有時(shí)候，多數(shù)人從來(lái)不接受某些俚語(yǔ)，但是他們把這些俚語(yǔ)保存到集中記憶中。每一代人似乎都需要獨(dú)有的一套詞匯來(lái)描述熟知的物體和事件。
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
很多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家指出，大量俚語(yǔ)的形成需要三個(gè)文化條件：第一，對(duì)社會(huì)中新事物的引入和接受;第二，一個(gè)由大量子群構(gòu)成的多樣化人口;第三，各子群與多數(shù)人口之間的聯(lián)系。
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.
最后需要提到的是，“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)”、“俗語(yǔ)”和“俚語(yǔ)”這些術(shù)語(yǔ)只是對(duì)研究語(yǔ)言的專家才有用的抽象標(biāo)簽。不論何種語(yǔ)言，只會(huì)有很小一部分使用者能夠意識(shí)到他們是在使用俗語(yǔ)或俚語(yǔ)。講英語(yǔ)的多數(shù)人能夠在適當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)合中選擇使用所有這三種語(yǔ)言類型。
經(jīng)典新概念英語(yǔ)美文閱讀篇三
Suburbanization
郊區(qū)化
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.
如果“郊區(qū)”指的是比已建好的城市內(nèi)部發(fā)展更為迅速的城市邊緣地帶，那么郊區(qū)化在1825年至1850年工業(yè)化城市出現(xiàn)期間就開(kāi)始了。在這之前，城市只是高度密集的小聚居群，在這里人們靠步行走動(dòng)，商品靠馬車運(yùn)送。
But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.
但是建于18世紀(jì)三四十年代的早期工廠位于城邊的航道和鐵路附近，而被工作前景吸引到這里的成千上萬(wàn)的人們需要住房。漸漸地，在與舊有的主要城區(qū)相毗鄰的地方，不斷涌現(xiàn)出由排房和公寓樓組成的工人聚居區(qū)，包圍了工廠。作為對(duì)這種侵蝕的自衛(wèi)，也為了擴(kuò)大稅基，城市吞并了工業(yè)化的臨近地帶，比如1854年費(fèi)城的城區(qū)就兼并了費(fèi)縣的絕大部分地區(qū)。相似的城市化也發(fā)生在芝加哥和紐約。
Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress -- conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
事實(shí)上，今天很多美國(guó)的大城市就是靠吞并它們附近的邊緣地區(qū)而變成大都會(huì)的。隨著工業(yè)化的加速發(fā)展，城市里出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重?fù)頂D和隨之而來(lái)的社會(huì)壓力。當(dāng)1888年第一條商業(yè)化成功的電氣化鐵軌被制造出來(lái)時(shí)，壓力開(kāi)始接近危機(jī)的程度。幾年之內(nèi)，馬車就被廢棄了，電車網(wǎng)相互交織連接著各個(gè)重要的城區(qū)，從而形成了一種郊區(qū)化的潮流，即密集的工業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)變成了分散的都市。
This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.
此時(shí)城市中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了第一波大規(guī)模郊區(qū)化。這些中產(chǎn)階級(jí)希望在遠(yuǎn)離老舊城市的地區(qū)擁有住宅，單一家庭住宅地區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)者滿足了他們的愿望。
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