英語(yǔ)作文課外閱讀文章
英語(yǔ)作文課外閱讀文章
小編今天給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)作文的優(yōu)秀范文，希望可以幫到同學(xué)們，同學(xué)們可以認(rèn)真的看一看，背一背，加深作文的印象
課外閱讀1
One of my earliest memories of America is my first trip to a Walmart. Not just any Walmart, buta suburban behemoth that seemed to go on endlessly. The varieties of candy inside seemedeven more infinite; stacks upon stacks of giddily colored boxes describing the sugary goodnessthey held. But - and here's the point of this story - I could only ever pick one.
我對(duì)美國(guó)的早期記憶之一，就是第一次逛沃爾瑪(Walmart)的經(jīng)歷。那可不是隨便的一家沃爾瑪超市，而是一個(gè)位于市郊的龐然大物。它似乎無(wú)邊無(wú)際，里面糖果的品種也仿佛不計(jì)其數(shù);一堆堆彩色的盒子讓人眼花繚亂，告訴人們里面裝著味道甜美的好東西。但是，正如這篇文章的核心觀點(diǎn)所言，我總是只能選擇一樣。
During my years at N.Y.U., I've realized that in a city like New York, there is never an excuse tobe bored. From the traditional (restaurants and movies), to the moderately new (Shakespearein the Park and outdoor performances), to the really wild (mixology and trapeze classes), thereis no limit to the options available.
在紐約大學(xué)(N.Y.U.)念書(shū)期間，我認(rèn)識(shí)到，在紐約這樣一座城市，永遠(yuǎn)都沒(méi)有感覺(jué)無(wú)聊的理由。從傳統(tǒng)的(餐廳和影院)到比較新潮的(公園里的莎士比亞戲劇演出和戶外表演)，再到十分瘋狂的(調(diào)酒課和空中吊桿課)，選擇是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。
There is, however, a limit to your budget. Especially as a student, especially recently.
然而，你的預(yù)算卻是有限的。尤其是作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，而且最近。
With heady independence comes the need to manage money responsibly. Americans like tolive large (ask for a "small" Coke at a movie theater, and you'll see what I mean), and moneywill slip through your hands with the greatest of ease. Here are a few ways to ensure that thatdoesn't happen.
獲得獨(dú)立雖然讓人興奮，但隨之而來(lái)的是，我們要負(fù)責(zé)管理自己的財(cái)務(wù)。美國(guó)人喜歡大手大腳地生活(去電影院的時(shí)候要一杯“小”可樂(lè)，你就會(huì)明白我的意思)，錢不知不覺(jué)地就從你的指縫中溜了出去。以下的幾條建議，能保證類似情況不會(huì)發(fā)生。
Budget
做好預(yù)算。
Most students, like me, usually have only a very general sense of how they spend their money. It's easy to remember that one big expense, but students sometimes don't realize that thesmaller daily expenditures can really add up. Recording your major daily expenses (food, travel, entertainment, etc.) takes only a few minutes and will help you keep track of your money.
像我一樣的大多數(shù)學(xué)生，對(duì)自己所花的錢只有一個(gè)大致概念。記住一項(xiàng)大宗支出比較容易，但有時(shí)候，同學(xué)們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，小額的日常支出也能積少成多。把你主要的日常支出記錄下來(lái)(食物、交通、娛樂(lè)等)，只需要花費(fèi)幾分鐘，卻會(huì)幫你了解自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
EducationUSA runs a series of webinars that cover the Five Steps to U.S. Study, one of whichspecifically discusses the planning of a student budget.
“留學(xué)美國(guó)”(EducationUSA)組織了一系列網(wǎng)絡(luò)研討會(huì)，討論了“留學(xué)美國(guó)的五個(gè)步驟”(Five Steps to U.S. Study)，其中一項(xiàng)特別討論了學(xué)生的預(yù)算規(guī)劃。
Prioritize
重要的事務(wù)優(yōu)先安排。
As mentioned above, America can be filled with things that tempt you to part with your money. Make a list (mental or otherwise) of the things you really want to do and say no to the rest. Your college experience will be no less fulfilling if you don't go to all 10 shows or try everyrestaurant in town.
正如上面所講的，美國(guó)有很多誘使你花錢的東西。列一個(gè)你確實(shí)想做的事情的清單(虛擬的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的皆可)，然后對(duì)清單以外的東西說(shuō)不。就算你不去觀看全部的10場(chǎng)演出，或光顧過(guò)市區(qū)里的每一家餐廳，你的大學(xué)生活也絕不會(huì)因此而失色。
Take advantage of discounts and freebies
利用折扣和免費(fèi)贈(zèng)品。
As a student, you will have access to dozens of free (or heavily discounted) shows, diningoptions and other entertainment. If you really wanted to, you could try to go weeks withoutpaying for food in college. All you would have to do is scour your school's events calendar andattend the open meetings. Bonus: You might find a club or organization you really like, in whichcase, you might be eating free pizza all the time.
作為一名學(xué)生，你會(huì)有很多免費(fèi)(或者以很低的折扣)獲得觀看演出、就餐，以及參加其他娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。如果你真的愿意，還能在大學(xué)里面，連續(xù)幾周免費(fèi)吃東西。你所需要做的，就是反復(fù)刷新學(xué)校的日程安排表，參加公開(kāi)聚會(huì)。驚喜就是：你可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)自己真心喜歡的俱樂(lè)部或者組織，在這種情況下，你就有可能一直享用免費(fèi)的披薩。
Consider getting a part-time job
考慮兼職。
This is a tough one and might not be possible for many international students. Paid jobs seemridiculously competitive and difficult to get.
這個(gè)建議有些困難，也許對(duì)很多留學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不太現(xiàn)實(shí)。帶薪工作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性似乎非常之強(qiáng)，不易獲得。
However, if you are one of the lucky ones, it is important to have realistic expectations aboutyour part-time income, said Martin Bennett, the EducationUSA outreach coordinator at theInstitute of International Education.
不過(guò)，“留學(xué)美國(guó)”在國(guó)際教育協(xié)會(huì)(Institute of International Education)的外展協(xié)調(diào)員馬丁· 本內(nèi)特(Martin Bennett)說(shuō)，如果你是幸運(yùn)兒之一，對(duì)兼職收入有個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的期待值也很重要。
"The general consensus is that having a part-time job on campus can help pay for somepersonal expenses," Mr. Bennett wrote in an e-mail. "That being said, the expectation shouldnot be that a part-time job will cover much more than
英語(yǔ)作文課外閱讀文章
小編今天給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)作文的優(yōu)秀范文，希望可以幫到同學(xué)們，同學(xué)們可以認(rèn)真的看一看，背一背，加深作文的印象
課外閱讀1
One of my earliest memories of America is my first trip to a Walmart. Not just any Walmart, buta suburban behemoth that seemed to go on endlessly. The varieties of candy inside seemedeven more infinite; stacks upon stacks of giddily colored boxes describing the sugary goodnessthey held. But - and here's the point of this story - I could only ever pick one.
我對(duì)美國(guó)的早期記憶之一，就是第一次逛沃爾瑪(Walmart)的經(jīng)歷。那可不是隨便的一家沃爾瑪超市，而是一個(gè)位于市郊的龐然大物。它似乎無(wú)邊無(wú)際，里面糖果的品種也仿佛不計(jì)其數(shù);一堆堆彩色的盒子讓人眼花繚亂，告訴人們里面裝著味道甜美的好東西。但是，正如這篇文章的核心觀點(diǎn)所言，我總是只能選擇一樣。
During my years at N.Y.U., I've realized that in a city like New York, there is never an excuse tobe bored. From the traditional (restaurants and movies), to the moderately new (Shakespearein the Park and outdoor performances), to the really wild (mixology and trapeze classes), thereis no limit to the options available.
在紐約大學(xué)(N.Y.U.)念書(shū)期間，我認(rèn)識(shí)到，在紐約這樣一座城市，永遠(yuǎn)都沒(méi)有感覺(jué)無(wú)聊的理由。從傳統(tǒng)的(餐廳和影院)到比較新潮的(公園里的莎士比亞戲劇演出和戶外表演)，再到十分瘋狂的(調(diào)酒課和空中吊桿課)，選擇是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。
There is, however, a limit to your budget. Especially as a student, especially recently.
然而，你的預(yù)算卻是有限的。尤其是作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，而且最近。
With heady independence comes the need to manage money responsibly. Americans like tolive large (ask for a "small" Coke at a movie theater, and you'll see what I mean), and moneywill slip through your hands with the greatest of ease. Here are a few ways to ensure that thatdoesn't happen.
獲得獨(dú)立雖然讓人興奮，但隨之而來(lái)的是，我們要負(fù)責(zé)管理自己的財(cái)務(wù)。美國(guó)人喜歡大手大腳地生活(去電影院的時(shí)候要一杯“小”可樂(lè)，你就會(huì)明白我的意思)，錢不知不覺(jué)地就從你的指縫中溜了出去。以下的幾條建議，能保證類似情況不會(huì)發(fā)生。
Budget
做好預(yù)算。
Most students, like me, usually have only a very general sense of how they spend their money. It's easy to remember that one big expense, but students sometimes don't realize that thesmaller daily expenditures can really add up. Recording your major daily expenses (food, travel, entertainment, etc.) takes only a few minutes and will help you keep track of your money.
像我一樣的大多數(shù)學(xué)生，對(duì)自己所花的錢只有一個(gè)大致概念。記住一項(xiàng)大宗支出比較容易，但有時(shí)候，同學(xué)們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，小額的日常支出也能積少成多。把你主要的日常支出記錄下來(lái)(食物、交通、娛樂(lè)等)，只需要花費(fèi)幾分鐘，卻會(huì)幫你了解自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。
EducationUSA runs a series of webinars that cover the Five Steps to U.S. Study, one of whichspecifically discusses the planning of a student budget.
“留學(xué)美國(guó)”(EducationUSA)組織了一系列網(wǎng)絡(luò)研討會(huì)，討論了“留學(xué)美國(guó)的五個(gè)步驟”(Five Steps to U.S. Study)，其中一項(xiàng)特別討論了學(xué)生的預(yù)算規(guī)劃。
Prioritize
重要的事務(wù)優(yōu)先安排。
As mentioned above, America can be filled with things that tempt you to part with your money. Make a list (mental or otherwise) of the things you really want to do and say no to the rest. Your college experience will be no less fulfilling if you don't go to all 10 shows or try everyrestaurant in town.
正如上面所講的，美國(guó)有很多誘使你花錢的東西。列一個(gè)你確實(shí)想做的事情的清單(虛擬的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的皆可)，然后對(duì)清單以外的東西說(shuō)不。就算你不去觀看全部的10場(chǎng)演出，或光顧過(guò)市區(qū)里的每一家餐廳，你的大學(xué)生活也絕不會(huì)因此而失色。
Take advantage of discounts and freebies
利用折扣和免費(fèi)贈(zèng)品。
As a student, you will have access to dozens of free (or heavily discounted) shows, diningoptions and other entertainment. If you really wanted to, you could try to go weeks withoutpaying for food in college. All you would have to do is scour your school's events calendar andattend the open meetings. Bonus: You might find a club or organization you really like, in whichcase, you might be eating free pizza all the time.
作為一名學(xué)生，你會(huì)有很多免費(fèi)(或者以很低的折扣)獲得觀看演出、就餐，以及參加其他娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。如果你真的愿意，還能在大學(xué)里面，連續(xù)幾周免費(fèi)吃東西。你所需要做的，就是反復(fù)刷新學(xué)校的日程安排表，參加公開(kāi)聚會(huì)。驚喜就是：你可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)自己真心喜歡的俱樂(lè)部或者組織，在這種情況下，你就有可能一直享用免費(fèi)的披薩。
Consider getting a part-time job
考慮兼職。
This is a tough one and might not be possible for many international students. Paid jobs seemridiculously competitive and difficult to get.
這個(gè)建議有些困難，也許對(duì)很多留學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不太現(xiàn)實(shí)。帶薪工作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性似乎非常之強(qiáng)，不易獲得。
However, if you are one of the lucky ones, it is important to have realistic expectations aboutyour part-time income, said Martin Bennett, the EducationUSA outreach coordinator at theInstitute of International Education.
不過(guò)，“留學(xué)美國(guó)”在國(guó)際教育協(xié)會(huì)(Institute of International Education)的外展協(xié)調(diào)員馬丁· 本內(nèi)特(Martin Bennett)說(shuō)，如果你是幸運(yùn)兒之一，對(duì)兼職收入有個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的期待值也很重要。
"The general consensus is that having a part-time job on campus can help pay for somepersonal expenses," Mr. Bennett wrote in an e-mail. "That being said, the expectation shouldnot be that a part-time job will cover much more than $2,000 to $3,000/academic year if astudent were to work 16 to 20 hours per week." He added, "20 hours per week on campus whileschool is in session is the maximum allowed under U.S. immigration regulations."
“大家一致認(rèn)為，在大學(xué)里擁有一份兼職，能幫學(xué)生們支付一些個(gè)人花銷，”本內(nèi)特在一封電子郵件里面寫(xiě)道。“話雖這么說(shuō)，學(xué)生也不應(yīng)當(dāng)期望，假如自己每周工作16到20個(gè)小時(shí)，這份兼職工作就能每學(xué)年提供遠(yuǎn)超2000美元到3000美元的收入 。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“而且根據(jù)美國(guó)移民法，在學(xué)期過(guò)程中，每周兼職20小時(shí)已經(jīng)是政府允許的最大限度。”
"I advise," he continued, "that unless absolutely necessary, a student take the first semesteron campus to get used to the way of life and of the classroom culture and faculty expectationsbefore plunging into a job on-campus."
“我建議，”他繼續(xù)說(shuō)，“除非絕對(duì)必要，學(xué)生應(yīng)該在投身兼職工作之前，利用第一個(gè)學(xué)期來(lái)適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳罘绞胶驼n堂的文化氛圍，以及老師們的期望。”
課外閱讀2
As the end of this semester draws near, many students are staying up late to finish their thesispaper before the deadline. But those who have slacked off might resort to ghostwriters.
隨著期末臨近，許多學(xué)生開(kāi)始熬夜趕工，希望能準(zhǔn)時(shí)交論文。而那些想偷懶的學(xué)生可能會(huì)向槍手們求助。
It has become common for some college students to buy theses or scientific papers from onlineshops, such as Taobao. If you search for “ghostwriting academic papers”, a list of shopsproviding this service comes up.
對(duì)一些大學(xué)生而言，在淘寶等網(wǎng)站上購(gòu)買學(xué)術(shù)論文已經(jīng)是件很平常的事情了。如果你搜索“代寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)論文”，會(huì)彈出一長(zhǎng)串論文代寫(xiě)網(wǎng)店的名字。
Usually they display a price tag of 10 yuan for their services, but that’s certainly not the realfee. Shop owners ask potential customers about their specific needs and base their price onthe word count and other requirements. An academic paper may cost between a few hundredyuan (for a short term paper) and tens of thousands of yuan (for long dissertations).
通常情況下提供該服務(wù)的店家標(biāo)價(jià)10元，當(dāng)然這并非真正的價(jià)格。店主會(huì)詢問(wèn)潛在客戶的具體要求，然后按照字?jǐn)?shù)和其他要求來(lái)計(jì)費(fèi)。一份學(xué)術(shù)論文的收費(fèi)從幾百元(學(xué)期論文)到數(shù)萬(wàn)元(長(zhǎng)篇論文)不等。
Senior student Chen Yihua (not his real name) from a university in Nanjing and his threeroommates bought their theses from an online shop last month. In their opinion, ghostwriting isjust one of the useful tools available to students who want better grades.
上個(gè)月，南京某高校大三學(xué)生陳怡樺(化名)和三位室友從一家網(wǎng)店購(gòu)買了論文。在他們看來(lái)，“代寫(xiě)”只不過(guò)是那些想拿高分的學(xué)生們可以選擇的實(shí)用手段之一。
“I understand that students should be perfectly capable of producing quality work on ourown,” said Chen, who is majoring in mathematics. “But students in scientific, mathematical andtechnological fields often lack solid writing skills. So sometimes we need ‘assistance’ inconverting our ideas into academic texts.”
就讀于數(shù)學(xué)系的陳怡樺說(shuō)：“我明白學(xué)生應(yīng)該可以自主完成高質(zhì)量的功課，但是理科、數(shù)學(xué)以及工科的學(xué)生通常缺乏扎實(shí)的寫(xiě)作能力，所以我們有時(shí)候需要請(qǐng)“外援”，來(lái)把自己的想法轉(zhuǎn)化成學(xué)術(shù)論文。”
A PhD holder in Shanghai (who wished to remain anonymous) said he opened an online shopselling thesis papers at the end of 2010. He is a full-time employee, but he can earn 10,000 to 20,000 yuan for writing one essay. The high profit is the driving force behind his business idea.
一位來(lái)自上海，不愿透露自己姓名的博士稱自己于2010年末開(kāi)設(shè)了一家出售論文的網(wǎng)店。盡管他是一名全職員工，但是一篇論文可以為他帶來(lái)一萬(wàn)到兩萬(wàn)元的收入。他經(jīng)營(yíng)理念背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力便來(lái)自于高額回報(bào)。
“I am just using my academic gift to help others in my spare time,” he said. “Thanks to real-estate developers, I’m a house mortgage slave and I need money.”
他說(shuō)：“我只是在業(yè)余時(shí)間里，利用自己的學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)來(lái)幫助他人罷了。由于房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商的緣故，我現(xiàn)在是名房奴，而我需要錢。”
However, Taobao’s customer service department claimed that providing such services isforbidden. The online platform punishes shops that violate the rules by reducing seller’scredit rating, preventing them from being searched or even shutting them down.
而淘寶客服部門卻聲稱該項(xiàng)服務(wù)是被禁止的。對(duì)于那些違規(guī)店家，淘寶的懲治措施包括：降低其信用等級(jí)，在搜索里屏蔽店名，甚至關(guān)閉相關(guān)網(wǎng)店。
But some lawyers consider these services to operate in a gray area. “In terms of legality, onlinesites offering ghostwriting services could not be considered unlawful in China as long as thereal author agrees to give the copyright to the client,” said Liu Chunquan at Shanghai YongleLaw Firm.
而一些律師則認(rèn)為這種服務(wù)游走于灰色地帶。來(lái)自上海永樂(lè)律師事務(wù)所的劉春泉律師認(rèn)為：“從合法性角度來(lái)講，只要原作者同意將版權(quán)出讓給客戶，那些國(guó)內(nèi)那些提供代寫(xiě)服務(wù)的網(wǎng)店就不應(yīng)被視為違法的。”
Education experts point out that this practice is unethical. Universities require students to writedissertations or papers independently, so employing someone else to write them is consideredcheating.
教育專家指出這是一種不道德的行為。鑒于各高校要求學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成論文的前提，雇傭槍手是一種作弊行為。
“It is academic fraud. Graduates should be capable writers, no matter what they aremajoring in. Remember that your dissertation should demonstrate not only how well youknow your subject matter, but how effectively you can communicate your ideas throughwriting,” said Shen Yang, a deputy professor at Wuhan University.
武漢大學(xué)副教授沈楊(音譯)說(shuō)：“這是學(xué)術(shù)欺詐。不管來(lái)自哪個(gè)專業(yè)，畢業(yè)生們都應(yīng)該具備寫(xiě)作能力。要知道，學(xué)術(shù)論文不僅展現(xiàn)了你對(duì)論題的了解程度，同時(shí)也展示出你通過(guò)文字來(lái)有效表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力。”
“Academic writing is a skill that a university student must develop. Employing someone else’sservice is an admission of failure.”
“論文寫(xiě)作是大學(xué)生必備的技能，雇傭槍手就等于承認(rèn)了自己的失敗。”
At present, however, it’s hard to discern if papers are self-produced or not. As a result, manyteachers ask students to discuss their papers or prepare presentations based on them. If ittranspires that ghostwriting is involved, students face serious punishment and can even bedismissed by their universities.
現(xiàn)階段，想要區(qū)分論文原創(chuàng)與否十分不易，因此，許多老師要求學(xué)生就自己的論文展開(kāi)討論或演講。如果一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)論文代寫(xiě)行為，學(xué)生將會(huì)受到嚴(yán)懲，甚至?xí)恍７介_(kāi)除學(xué)籍。
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,000 to ,000/academic year if astudent were to work 16 to 20 hours per week." He added, "20 hours per week on campus whileschool is in session is the maximum allowed under U.S. immigration regulations."“大家一致認(rèn)為，在大學(xué)里擁有一份兼職，能幫學(xué)生們支付一些個(gè)人花銷，”本內(nèi)特在一封電子郵件里面寫(xiě)道。“話雖這么說(shuō)，學(xué)生也不應(yīng)當(dāng)期望，假如自己每周工作16到20個(gè)小時(shí)，這份兼職工作就能每學(xué)年提供遠(yuǎn)超2000美元到3000美元的收入 。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“而且根據(jù)美國(guó)移民法，在學(xué)期過(guò)程中，每周兼職20小時(shí)已經(jīng)是政府允許的最大限度。”
"I advise," he continued, "that unless absolutely necessary, a student take the first semesteron campus to get used to the way of life and of the classroom culture and faculty expectationsbefore plunging into a job on-campus."
“我建議，”他繼續(xù)說(shuō)，“除非絕對(duì)必要，學(xué)生應(yīng)該在投身兼職工作之前，利用第一個(gè)學(xué)期來(lái)適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳罘绞胶驼n堂的文化氛圍，以及老師們的期望。”
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As the end of this semester draws near, many students are staying up late to finish their thesispaper before the deadline. But those who have slacked off might resort to ghostwriters.
隨著期末臨近，許多學(xué)生開(kāi)始熬夜趕工，希望能準(zhǔn)時(shí)交論文。而那些想偷懶的學(xué)生可能會(huì)向槍手們求助。
It has become common for some college students to buy theses or scientific papers from onlineshops, such as Taobao. If you search for “ghostwriting academic papers”, a list of shopsproviding this service comes up.
對(duì)一些大學(xué)生而言，在淘寶等網(wǎng)站上購(gòu)買學(xué)術(shù)論文已經(jīng)是件很平常的事情了。如果你搜索“代寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)論文”，會(huì)彈出一長(zhǎng)串論文代寫(xiě)網(wǎng)店的名字。
Usually they display a price tag of 10 yuan for their services, but that’s certainly not the realfee. Shop owners ask potential customers about their specific needs and base their price onthe word count and other requirements. An academic paper may cost between a few hundredyuan (for a short term paper) and tens of thousands of yuan (for long dissertations).
通常情況下提供該服務(wù)的店家標(biāo)價(jià)10元，當(dāng)然這并非真正的價(jià)格。店主會(huì)詢問(wèn)潛在客戶的具體要求，然后按照字?jǐn)?shù)和其他要求來(lái)計(jì)費(fèi)。一份學(xué)術(shù)論文的收費(fèi)從幾百元(學(xué)期論文)到數(shù)萬(wàn)元(長(zhǎng)篇論文)不等。
Senior student Chen Yihua (not his real name) from a university in Nanjing and his threeroommates bought their theses from an online shop last month. In their opinion, ghostwriting isjust one of the useful tools available to students who want better grades.
上個(gè)月，南京某高校大三學(xué)生陳怡樺(化名)和三位室友從一家網(wǎng)店購(gòu)買了論文。在他們看來(lái)，“代寫(xiě)”只不過(guò)是那些想拿高分的學(xué)生們可以選擇的實(shí)用手段之一。
“I understand that students should be perfectly capable of producing quality work on ourown,” said Chen, who is majoring in mathematics. “But students in scientific, mathematical andtechnological fields often lack solid writing skills. So sometimes we need ‘assistance’ inconverting our ideas into academic texts.”
就讀于數(shù)學(xué)系的陳怡樺說(shuō)：“我明白學(xué)生應(yīng)該可以自主完成高質(zhì)量的功課，但是理科、數(shù)學(xué)以及工科的學(xué)生通常缺乏扎實(shí)的寫(xiě)作能力，所以我們有時(shí)候需要請(qǐng)“外援”，來(lái)把自己的想法轉(zhuǎn)化成學(xué)術(shù)論文。”
A PhD holder in Shanghai (who wished to remain anonymous) said he opened an online shopselling thesis papers at the end of 2010. He is a full-time employee, but he can earn 10,000 to 20,000 yuan for writing one essay. The high profit is the driving force behind his business idea.
一位來(lái)自上海，不愿透露自己姓名的博士稱自己于2010年末開(kāi)設(shè)了一家出售論文的網(wǎng)店。盡管他是一名全職員工，但是一篇論文可以為他帶來(lái)一萬(wàn)到兩萬(wàn)元的收入。他經(jīng)營(yíng)理念背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力便來(lái)自于高額回報(bào)。
“I am just using my academic gift to help others in my spare time,” he said. “Thanks to real-estate developers, I’m a house mortgage slave and I need money.”
他說(shuō)：“我只是在業(yè)余時(shí)間里，利用自己的學(xué)術(shù)專長(zhǎng)來(lái)幫助他人罷了。由于房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商的緣故，我現(xiàn)在是名房奴，而我需要錢。”
However, Taobao’s customer service department claimed that providing such services isforbidden. The online platform punishes shops that violate the rules by reducing seller’scredit rating, preventing them from being searched or even shutting them down.
而淘寶客服部門卻聲稱該項(xiàng)服務(wù)是被禁止的。對(duì)于那些違規(guī)店家，淘寶的懲治措施包括：降低其信用等級(jí)，在搜索里屏蔽店名，甚至關(guān)閉相關(guān)網(wǎng)店。
But some lawyers consider these services to operate in a gray area. “In terms of legality, onlinesites offering ghostwriting services could not be considered unlawful in China as long as thereal author agrees to give the copyright to the client,” said Liu Chunquan at Shanghai YongleLaw Firm.
而一些律師則認(rèn)為這種服務(wù)游走于灰色地帶。來(lái)自上海永樂(lè)律師事務(wù)所的劉春泉律師認(rèn)為：“從合法性角度來(lái)講，只要原作者同意將版權(quán)出讓給客戶，那些國(guó)內(nèi)那些提供代寫(xiě)服務(wù)的網(wǎng)店就不應(yīng)被視為違法的。”
Education experts point out that this practice is unethical. Universities require students to writedissertations or papers independently, so employing someone else to write them is consideredcheating.
教育專家指出這是一種不道德的行為。鑒于各高校要求學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成論文的前提，雇傭槍手是一種作弊行為。
“It is academic fraud. Graduates should be capable writers, no matter what they aremajoring in. Remember that your dissertation should demonstrate not only how well youknow your subject matter, but how effectively you can communicate your ideas throughwriting,” said Shen Yang, a deputy professor at Wuhan University.
武漢大學(xué)副教授沈楊(音譯)說(shuō)：“這是學(xué)術(shù)欺詐。不管來(lái)自哪個(gè)專業(yè)，畢業(yè)生們都應(yīng)該具備寫(xiě)作能力。要知道，學(xué)術(shù)論文不僅展現(xiàn)了你對(duì)論題的了解程度，同時(shí)也展示出你通過(guò)文字來(lái)有效表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力。”
“Academic writing is a skill that a university student must develop. Employing someone else’sservice is an admission of failure.”
“論文寫(xiě)作是大學(xué)生必備的技能，雇傭槍手就等于承認(rèn)了自己的失敗。”
At present, however, it’s hard to discern if papers are self-produced or not. As a result, manyteachers ask students to discuss their papers or prepare presentations based on them. If ittranspires that ghostwriting is involved, students face serious punishment and can even bedismissed by their universities.
現(xiàn)階段，想要區(qū)分論文原創(chuàng)與否十分不易，因此，許多老師要求學(xué)生就自己的論文展開(kāi)討論或演講。如果一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)論文代寫(xiě)行為，學(xué)生將會(huì)受到嚴(yán)懲，甚至?xí)恍７介_(kāi)除學(xué)籍。
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