托福閱讀必備備考書(shū)籍推薦
為了幫助大家熟悉托福閱讀備考書(shū)，學(xué)習(xí)啦為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀必備備考書(shū)籍推薦一文，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩盡請(qǐng)關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)啦!
托福閱讀必備備考書(shū)籍推薦
很多考生在備考托福的時(shí)候會(huì)很迷茫，不知道選擇哪些合適自己的備考資料，面對(duì)市面上林林總總的各式各樣的參考書(shū)籍不知如何下手，實(shí)際上就托福閱讀來(lái)說(shuō)其實(shí)備考資料是非常明確的，下面老師就從詞匯，題型和模考三個(gè)方面給大家推薦一些備考“神器”。
首先不得不提的就是詞匯，詞匯是很多同學(xué)備考托福的硬傷，面對(duì)8000-10000以上的詞匯量要求，刷單詞，提高自己的詞匯量是同學(xué)們首先要考慮的問(wèn)題。詞匯的積累不是一蹴而就的短期行為，而是貫穿我們整個(gè)備考過(guò)程的每天都要打卡完成的規(guī)定動(dòng)作，下面的基本詞匯書(shū)都可以幫助大家提高同學(xué)們備考“打底”的詞匯基本功。
1.伊迪絲·皮爾曼《蜜露》Honeydew by Edith Pearlman
Pearlman writes quiet stories about theblips of tumult . She's been writing short stories -- and only short tories --for decades, chronicling the lives of earnest blue collar workers and himsicalacademics. Most of the stories are set in her native Massachusetts; all of themreveal something tender and universal about everyday life.
皮爾曼安安靜靜的筆調(diào)下有些許動(dòng)蕩和喧囂。她一直就在寫(xiě)短篇小說(shuō)，而且數(shù)十年來(lái)只寫(xiě)短篇小說(shuō)，記錄著熱忱勤勉的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人還有異想天開(kāi)的學(xué)者們的生活。大部分的故事背景都設(shè)置在她的故土馬薩諸塞州，每一則故事都展現(xiàn)了日常生活細(xì)小而普遍的一面。
2.瓊·西爾珀《傻瓜》Fools by Joan Silber
Each story in Fools confronts the uestion:What makes an action foolish, as opposed to brave? And when is it better to befoolish, as opposed to steadfast in our established beliefs?
《傻瓜》中每一則故事都面臨這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：比之勇敢，怎樣的行為才算愚昧?與我們深信不疑的信念相對(duì)，何時(shí)做個(gè)傻瓜才是更好的選擇?
3.凱瑟琳·海尼的《單身、隨性、成熟》Single, Carefree, Mellow by KatherineHeiny
Katherine Heiny writes stories that quietly ighlight the dramas of dating life, from teenagehood through adulthood. Heinywrites about both lover growing estranged through social media, and young girls learning about the power of their own sexualities, with wry humor.
凱瑟琳·海尼的故事不動(dòng)聲色地突出了約會(huì)的戲劇色彩，從豆蔻年華到成年時(shí)期，不一而足。海尼不單單寫(xiě)因社交媒體而逐漸疏離的情侶，也寫(xiě)年輕女孩認(rèn)識(shí)到其聲色的威力，筆調(diào)不乏揶揄嘲諷。
4.瑪麗蓮·羅賓遜《小時(shí)候，我讀書(shū)》When I Was a Child I Read Books byMarilynne Robinson
Marilynne In When I Was a Child I Read Books,Robinson fluidly contemplates significance of community and the power of theindividual. You don't have to be a religious thinker to find beauty inRobinson's poetic musings.
《小時(shí)候，我讀書(shū)》一書(shū)中，羅賓遜行文流暢，深思社區(qū)的重要性和個(gè)體的力量。讀者即便不信奉宗教，也能發(fā)現(xiàn)羅賓遜富有詩(shī)意的哲思之美。
5.莉莉·塔克《莉蓮的雙重生活》The Double Life of Liliane by Lily Tuck
Lily Tuck's latest novel isn't exactly amemoir, but it sits somewhere between novel and autobiography, blurring thelines between related memory and imagined possible scenarios. Like Tuck,heroine Liliane's parents divorced when she was young, wreaking personal havocthat mirrored the tragedies unfolding in Europe at the same time.
莉莉·塔克的最新小說(shuō)確切說(shuō)來(lái)不是回憶錄，介于小說(shuō)和自傳間，模糊了記憶和想象場(chǎng)景的界限。和莉莉·塔克小時(shí)候一樣，女主人翁莉蓮年少父母離異，深受重創(chuàng)，也映照出同期歐洲的悲劇。
6.拉瑞德·亨特《不歸》Neverhome by Laird Hunt
Hunt tells his story about a womandisguised as a male solider through letters. The story is loosely based on abundle of letters Hunt stumbled upon written by a real undercover femalesoldier and is a smart work of historical fiction that encouragescontemplation.
亨特通過(guò)書(shū)信形式講述了一個(gè)女子偽裝成男軍人的故事。亨特偶然間撞見(jiàn)一捆信件，是一個(gè)真實(shí)的臥底女軍人所寫(xiě)的，亨特的歷史小說(shuō)稍稍以此為參照，引人深思，是部智慧的作品。
7.凱思琳·奧爾科特《無(wú)限的家園》Infinite Home by Kathleen Alcott
Protagonist Edith has built a happy familyof her own among her tenants -- until she gets slammed with potential evictionas her mind begins to worsen. The unsteady state of their home and theirlandlady forges an even closer bond between the housemates in this lyricalmeditation on what really makes up a family.
主人公伊蒂絲與其房客們建立了一個(gè)幸福的家庭，然而，隨著記性變差，她或?qū)⒈或?qū)逐。家庭不穩(wěn)定，女房東與房客們的關(guān)系更緊密了。這部抒情的沉思錄引人思考究竟何為組成家庭的要素。
8.里查德·麥奎爾《這兒》Here by Richard McGuire
This book is a heartwarming time capsule,and fluid look at the way our interior lives have evolved, and how they'veremained the same.
這本書(shū)是溫暖人心的時(shí)空膠囊，以溫婉的視角看我們的內(nèi)心演變以及又如何初心不變。
9.海蒂·朱拉薇姿《折疊的時(shí)鐘》The Folded Clock by Heidi Julavits
The Folded Clock is a Diary, a collectionof musings written offhandedly each day by its author. It's been scrubbed ofidentifying details, but otherwise remains a deeply personal collection ofthoughts about motherhood, language, and hat success really means.
《折疊的時(shí)鐘》是部日記，是作者每日隨手寫(xiě)就的遐思集。書(shū)中隱去了透露身份的信息，但仍是身為人母的感想、對(duì)語(yǔ)言的思考和闡述成功之道的個(gè)人思想集。
10.莉迪婭·戴維斯《"不行"與"不能"》Can't and Won't by Lydia Davis
Davis' stories are quick, dreamy snapshotsof a mood or a sentiment, and they take the shape of the idle thoughts thatmake up most of our days. Davis's spare language is comforting and digestible,but leaves ample room for contemplation and imagination, too.
戴維斯的故事輕松宜人、直擊人心。故事取材于我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钇吡惆怂榈男乃枷敕?。戴維斯平實(shí)簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言安撫人心、易于理解，但有給讀者足夠想象和沉思的空間。
托福閱讀中遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞該怎么處理?
1.托福閱讀詞匯根據(jù)定義、解釋猜測(cè)詞義
We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their di and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解釋我們可以得知：“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“雜食的”。
2.托福閱讀詞匯根據(jù)復(fù)述(同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等)猜測(cè)詞義
Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.
后面的同位語(yǔ)告訴我們“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化?！?/p>
3.托福閱讀題中根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義
After breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the Christmas dinner. This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.
“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同屬“poultry：家禽”。
現(xiàn)在的雅思，托?？荚囈约凹磳⒏母锏腟AT考試，都呈現(xiàn)一種趨勢(shì)?？荚嚫⒅貙W(xué)生的英文功底，綜合的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力?？荚嚫鼈?cè)重于測(cè)試學(xué)生真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，呈現(xiàn)一種去模板化，去培訓(xùn)化的模式。
學(xué)生綜合英語(yǔ)素質(zhì)的提升，取決于自身的英語(yǔ)基本功底，從聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)各方面全方位的提高。詞匯，語(yǔ)法，語(yǔ)言理解能力均衡發(fā)展，是將來(lái)考試測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。綜合英語(yǔ)系列課程選用了當(dāng)前最優(yōu)秀的引進(jìn)教材，采用國(guó)際流行的教學(xué)模式，深度剖析英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)，選取當(dāng)下的熱點(diǎn)話題，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中也能豐富視野，為將來(lái)的留學(xué)做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。
聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程的教材選用了《朗文當(dāng)代聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程》，閱寫(xiě)教程的教材選用了《積極英語(yǔ)閱讀教程》，兩套教程相輔相成，采用進(jìn)階式的編排方式，內(nèi)容詳實(shí)，題材豐富。對(duì)于那些沒(méi)有出國(guó)打算，只是想提升英語(yǔ)的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，也是非常契合的。
綜合英語(yǔ)系列課程共分三個(gè)階段：綜合英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)階段;綜合英語(yǔ)提升階段以及綜合英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)化階段。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的綜合英語(yǔ)課程學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生可以全面提升自己的英語(yǔ)水平，充分為將來(lái)的雅思，新托福以及SAT考試打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。教程里面的詞匯，語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練以及文章體裁都充分迎合目前的各類(lèi)考試，學(xué)生也可以提前熟悉各類(lèi)的文章體裁，提前了解國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)生活的模式。
各個(gè)階段學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束都有相應(yīng)的階段測(cè)試，用來(lái)評(píng)估學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)度及效果，方便制定后續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。
4.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.
“while”是一個(gè)顯示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞，“reticent”與“talking”相對(duì)應(yīng)，“reticent”：沉默的。
5.根據(jù)比喻關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (軟木塞) in water.
把熱氣球比作水中的軟木塞，說(shuō)明“buoyant ”的意義：“漂浮;浮力?！?/p>
6.根據(jù)同義詞的替代猜測(cè)詞義
Venus rotates retr_rade, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.
由“backwards”這一替代詞得知“retr_rade”的意思：“向后的?！?/p>
7.有時(shí)也可根據(jù)一般性常識(shí)/生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義
The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
門(mén)太低，我的頭撞在“l(fā)intel門(mén)楣”上了。
8.也可根據(jù)詞形構(gòu)造猜測(cè)詞義
More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of fr_s with malformations.
form是詞根, formation“形式”，mal-:構(gòu)詞前綴，可表示“壞、惡、不良”，還可表示“不、不正常、不當(dāng)、非法。”malformation的意思就應(yīng)該是“畸形?！备嗟睦尤纾簃alnutrition: 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良;malconduct:(公職人員的)胡作非為;maladjustive: 引起失調(diào)的;不利調(diào)節(jié)的。
當(dāng)然，要想做到這一點(diǎn)，就必須掌握英語(yǔ)常用的前綴、后綴及詞根的意義。
托福閱讀之如何應(yīng)對(duì)倒裝句?
1.never等具有否定意義或否定形式的詞或詞組位于句首時(shí)用倒裝。
常見(jiàn)詞或詞組有： not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor …
因此，對(duì)于倒裝句“…not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.”來(lái)說(shuō)，第一步先把句子變成正常語(yǔ)序，即把not的位置還原，第二步再理解句子。那么這個(gè)句子就變成“…they did not kill their first elk until the second of December?！?“not…until”表示“直到……才”，因此句子意思為：他們直到第二年的十二月才殺死了第一批麋鹿。
2.當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)表強(qiáng)調(diào)使用倒裝。
備考資料例句：Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…(練習(xí)題5-1 Minerals and Plants)
解析：該句是only+recently(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))位于句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋骸癐nvestigators have only recently considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…”,意思為：研究人員最近才考慮使用這些植物清理土壤和垃圾場(chǎng)。
3.為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣“so/such…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時(shí)用倒裝。
備考資料例句：“So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(練習(xí)題10-1 Chinese Pottery)
解析：該句是“so…that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋骸癟hese pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.”意思為：這些藝術(shù)品受到極高的贊賞，于是他們鼓勵(lì)制陶來(lái)仿制瓷器，并激勵(lì)人們研究制作方法。
4.主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，為使句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)，倒裝表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)
這種倒裝句通常是介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞(短語(yǔ))和分詞(短語(yǔ))位于句首。
如：
By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(在他旁邊是他美麗優(yōu)雅的妻子)
Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧云天，黃葉地)
Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室里的學(xué)生來(lái)自中國(guó)各地)
備考資料例句：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(備考指導(dǎo) The Origins of Cetaceans)
解析：該句的主語(yǔ)是“fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.”其中“intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans”(哺乳動(dòng)物和海洋鯨魚(yú)之間過(guò)渡性)是“fossils”的定語(yǔ)。由于該句主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，為了使句子平衡，把表語(yǔ)“Missing until recently”置于句首引起倒裝句。該句變成正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋骸癋ossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.”意思為“哺乳動(dòng)物和海洋鯨魚(yú)之間過(guò)渡性的化石現(xiàn)在找到了。”
5. 如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有were, had, 或should, 可以把他們放到句首,省略連詞if,變成倒裝句。
備考資料例句1：In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(練習(xí)題15-3 Glacier Formation)
解析：對(duì)于這種倒裝句的處理是：第一步，把if還原;第二部，理解句子。因此if還原之后該句變成：“In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.”由if引導(dǎo)的從句“should occur”的使用可知，該句是對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。意思為：對(duì)比之下，如果再次發(fā)生冰川世紀(jì)，海平面將會(huì)大大下降
備考資料例句2：Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(練習(xí)題10-1 Chinese Pottery 11題)
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