雅思寫(xiě)作如何算分
隨著出國(guó)留學(xué)成為一件越來(lái)越熱門(mén)的事情，參加雅思考試的人數(shù)也逐漸增多，越來(lái)越多地人對(duì)雅思考試不再陌生，對(duì)于備考雅思寫(xiě)作的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，需要做的第一件事就是了解雅思寫(xiě)作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，下面我們就帶大家雅琪來(lái)看雅思作文如何評(píng)分計(jì)算。
雅思寫(xiě)作如何算分
雅思寫(xiě)作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一共分為四點(diǎn)：
第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是切題(Task Achievement)。
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)的是考生是否恰當(dāng)回答了寫(xiě)作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).任務(wù)完成情況主要包括三個(gè)方面：內(nèi)容(content)是否切題，立場(chǎng)(position)是否鮮明并得到有效闡釋?zhuān)Y(jié)構(gòu)(structure)是否有邏輯性。
很多考生對(duì)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理解其實(shí)停留在不跑題的層面,所以他們考完后都認(rèn)為自己語(yǔ)法詞匯俱佳，卻不知道自己為什么分?jǐn)?shù)不高。其實(shí)不然，考官要看到的作文不但緊扣主題，而且要論證充分。如果考生要證明的觀點(diǎn)只有1-2個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，而且每個(gè)分論點(diǎn)的Supporting Details也不充分，肯定是很難拿高分的。
第二個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是銜接與連貫(Coherence&Cohesion)。
文章的連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在段落與段落之間，句子與句子之間。段落之間的“啟”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”可通過(guò)表順序的過(guò)渡詞完成。句子的長(zhǎng)度和難度是很多考生追求的目標(biāo)，其實(shí)并不需要每個(gè)句子都寫(xiě)得很長(zhǎng)很復(fù)雜，相反，如果整篇文章都是長(zhǎng)難句，考官也會(huì)覺(jué)得很厭煩。
很多考生簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)為要多寫(xiě)邏輯連詞就能做到銜接與連貫。其實(shí)這也是個(gè)片面的理解。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，邏輯連詞非常重要，但是，不是銜接與連貫的全部。很多考生過(guò)去追求邏輯連接而忽視了Contents本身，忽視了對(duì)最Powerful&Persuasive論證的選取。劍七的第171頁(yè)一篇Band7的意思作文，考官的評(píng)語(yǔ)里就有:" There is some under-use of cohesive devices and some incorrect referencing, but links bet ween sentences and paragraphs can be clearly followed. " 上句發(fā)送我們一個(gè)信息，邏輯連接詞的使用不足是問(wèn)題，但是內(nèi)容本身也不能出問(wèn)題，所以寫(xiě)作要講究形式也要注意本質(zhì)。劍六的162也一篇7.5分的考生范文，考官評(píng)價(jià)道:"There are too many errors in cohesion, however, and some linkers are not always fully approximately",這也印證了考生往往會(huì)一不留神地形似而忘內(nèi)容本身的錯(cuò)誤。
第三個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：詞匯資源(Lexical Resources)。
我們對(duì)雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯有兩個(gè)誤解，一個(gè)上文已經(jīng)提到，認(rèn)為越大越好，殊不知濃縮的才是精華的。第二個(gè)誤解是寫(xiě)作的選詞越大越好，比如寫(xiě)貧窮，很多學(xué)生寫(xiě) impoverishe
d 或者impecunious，他們認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)頻率越少的詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)越高。所以詞匯量不到自然沒(méi)有信心。其實(shí)不然，寫(xiě)作的詞匯技巧在劍六劍七的考官評(píng)語(yǔ)中可以N次發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞--Paraphrase. 有時(shí)候?qū)懙氖莍nadequacy of paragraph(劍七page166)， 有時(shí)候?qū)憄araphrase is not always logical(劍七169). 其實(shí)這里面隱藏了一個(gè)潛規(guī)則。我們可以使用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的方式，定語(yǔ)從句，后置定語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)的方式來(lái)同義替換而不是單單從近義詞或者同義詞這個(gè)層面。比如我們可以寫(xiě) those who are in need 表示窮人，或者people living in poverty,或者 those who are financially incapable 都是很好的替換窮的表達(dá)。
幾條小建議：
1)注意學(xué)習(xí)同義詞
2)學(xué)習(xí)詞伙(collocation)，而非一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞
3)使用正確的詞性
4)寫(xiě)完一定要檢查(檢查拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，豐富語(yǔ)言)
5)正確使用一些不常見(jiàn)詞匯注意：考官并不會(huì)看你詞匯或觀點(diǎn)的創(chuàng)新性，而是有效、準(zhǔn)確地闡述!
第四個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的范圍和準(zhǔn)確性(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)。
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察考生寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法的多樣性&準(zhǔn)確性。語(yǔ)法的多樣性發(fā)面方面，請(qǐng)關(guān)注：時(shí)態(tài)，比較級(jí)，條件句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用。同時(shí)也請(qǐng)注意使用復(fù)雜句，注意整篇文章簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句用量的平衡。注意，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)失分!不過(guò)，并不要求考生做到100%無(wú)誤，但控制錯(cuò)誤率很重要!
雅思作文如何拿分第一題，小作文。除了偶爾出現(xiàn)的流程圖外，整體上都是給出一個(gè)或多個(gè)互相關(guān)聯(lián)的圖表、圖解或表格，對(duì)其中涵蓋的信息或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述不少于150字。這道題，百分百可以用寫(xiě)作模版來(lái)解決。面對(duì)題目信息，首先要抓住趨勢(shì)描述、數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比、數(shù)據(jù)極值，然后利用模版來(lái)將這些信息表達(dá)出來(lái)。多找?guī)灼骖}練熟就可以。
第二題，大作文。給出一個(gè)看法、問(wèn)題或議題，考生就此進(jìn)行論述，不少于250字。這道題，百分之三十可以用寫(xiě)作模版來(lái)解決。結(jié)構(gòu)、開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾都可以套用模版，論述部分需要表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)，模版是骨，語(yǔ)言是肉。關(guān)于模版可以參考我之前的一篇文章，重點(diǎn)掌握結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)好連接詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、常用短語(yǔ)的用法，然后自己提前準(zhǔn)備好模版。
這里面也有一個(gè)潛規(guī)則，那就是很多考生認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)難句，或者說(shuō)語(yǔ)法越難越高分。所以他們常常根據(jù)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的水平衡量自己寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法水平。其實(shí)這是完全不同的兩個(gè)概念。原因很簡(jiǎn)單，高考考的都是"糾結(jié)中的糾結(jié)"，雅思寫(xiě)的都是"復(fù)雜中的簡(jiǎn)單"。我們仔細(xì)看看劍六劍七后面的7分和7.5分的考生范文，還有考官8分范文我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生習(xí)慣性寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)難句考官卻習(xí)慣寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單語(yǔ)法。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)考官的范文中常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法中最多的是：并列句。這是一個(gè)出乎很多考生意料的結(jié)果，呵呵。比如劍七page168,小作文的一段就兩句話共65個(gè)字。兩句話都是并列句。In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity sources(50units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power(each producing 20 units) and oil(which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had became the fuel for more than 75% of electri city produced and only hydro continued to be another significant sou rce supplying approximately 20%.
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：權(quán)利與平等
西方文化的核心是弘揚(yáng)基本的人的權(quán)利理念和平等價(jià)值，在一定程度上可以濃縮為：權(quán)利、平等和自由。西方文化的追求和主導(dǎo)不在于弘揚(yáng)一個(gè)人如何追求成為多偉大的人，而是關(guān)心社會(huì)每個(gè)個(gè)體應(yīng)該享受的基本權(quán)利。
在雅思寫(xiě)作考試中，中國(guó)考生在此類(lèi)話題：人們?cè)摬辉撟鍪裁词虑榛蛐袨榈臅r(shí)候，應(yīng)該多從這個(gè)方面去說(shuō)服考官。下面以幾個(gè)話題作為例子來(lái)展開(kāi)說(shuō)明：
如果寫(xiě)到動(dòng)物的保護(hù)問(wèn)題時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：Animals are not created for humans any more than women are created for men, black for white.
在寫(xiě)到政府是否該花錢(qián)來(lái)發(fā)展武器時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：There is no doubt that the advancement of military technologies is one of the greatest dangers to all human rights, including the most basic right to life itself.
在寫(xiě)到環(huán)境的重要性時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：All human beings have the fundamental right to an environment adequate for their health and well-being.
在寫(xiě)到小孩子是否應(yīng)該對(duì)自己犯的罪負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：
When someone turns 18, he or she should be tried as an adult because they have adult rights. Children, however, do not have the same rights as adults do. Then, if a five-year-old child killing someone has been sentenced the death penalty, the trial that determines whether or not someone should be tried as an adult are absurd.
在寫(xiě)到傳統(tǒng)的西方道德中對(duì)私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的尊重時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：
Respect for property is no less important than respect for person. Indeed, respect for property is one species of respect for person. Property is the stuff of personal independence. It is, therefore, an economic foundation of freedom. A society in which respect for property diminishes is one in which freedom diminishes.
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：年輕人追星
寫(xiě)作題目
Nowadays young people are admiring media and sports stars, even though they do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
題目寫(xiě)作思路分析
大綱：邏輯心圖，四段定位，18句裝配。
起--好現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)閷?duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，既是心態(tài)正常又是反應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展，與道德考慮無(wú)關(guān)。
承--理由例子細(xì)節(jié)。年輕人崇拜明星是極其正常的心里歷程，無(wú)關(guān)道德榜樣。
轉(zhuǎn)--理由例子細(xì)節(jié)。年輕人崇拜明星是反應(yīng)媒體社會(huì)的影響，無(wú)關(guān)道德榜樣。
合--整體而言是好現(xiàn)象，到底青年人免不了崇拜明星，所以道德的聯(lián)想應(yīng)該擺在一邊。
范文
There is no need to be overly preoccupied with the fantasy images of stars standing out from the rest on the screen, the stage and the playing field because celebrity worship is part of everyday life, particularly among adolescents. That young people are admiring media and sports celebrities is socially normal outside the academic and behavioral context. Accepting that it is good and natural to be young, then it is inevitable for young people to be obsessed with certain personalities as their ideal examples.
Psychologically speaking, a certain amount of star admiration is normal. When young, becoming fans of favorite stars is a form of escapism and a way to dull emotional pain and stress; so, emulating celebrities is a natural part of development to identify themselves with their icons. Even in adulthood, people rank successful individuals highly and model themselves after them. In a global media culture, the lifestyle promoted by stars is often unattainable to the average person, regardless of whether it is realistic or ideal. Hence, the point is that young people choose their models for reasons based on renowned excellence in a specific field rather than on scandals that happen sometimes. That is, it is to admire what is shining in famous people's career successes and not what happen to shadow their real lives.
Not unlike fashion, "star worship syndrome" is simply a social development, although there could be an unhealthy interest in the private lives of actors, actresses, pop singers, and sports players. Admiring celebrities may be as blind as falling in love, and just as normal. When it comes to immature and confused minds, love cannot be avoided, nor can admiration for heroes and heroines. Such star obsession has proliferated since the creation of the mass media and therefore it had better not be regarded as a moral issue. To believe that celebrity worship is a negative development only makes out-of-date moral sense, leading to nowhere. In this gossip world, to criticize celebrities for failing to deliver good examples all the time beyond their specialized fields calls for the need to stop, in the first place, the media outlets from reporting what gossip is made of.
Admiration for favorite stars does no harm to people, young or old; besides, star admiration cannot be avoided in this information age. Fortunately, most fans are able to learn to tell a realistic world from an ideal world during this period between no-longer children and not-yet adults, without having to refer to moral examples. Indeed, there is nothing wrong about young people seeking their idols by looking up at the shining stars in the fantasy world to which many young people naturally belong.
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：服務(wù)表?yè)P(yáng)信
Dear Manager:
I am a reporter from the News Weekend. Because of the demand of my work， I often come to Beijing to do interviews. Your hotel is my favorite， because of the comfortable living conditions， and the considerate service， especially your excellent food.The restaurants in your hotel have many kinds of delicious food such as Chinese food， Japanese food， French food and so on. Among these delicious foods， I like the Beijing Toast Duck best， not only because of its Chinese characteristics but also its special taste for people from all over the world. So every time I come here I always choose this course.Furthermore， what impressed me most is the high quality service， it always makes me feel at home. Waiters and waitresses are so kind and warmhearted that they always earnestly recommend every new or special food of the restaurant. I will recommend your hotel and restaurant to my friends without any reservation and hesitation.
Hope your hotel and restaurant will be more prosperous in the future. Faithfully yours，
Will Smith
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雅思寫(xiě)作如何算分
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