老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE7
為了幫助大家備考托福閱讀，提高成績(jī)，下面小編給大家?guī)砝贤懈ｉ喿x真題及答案:passage 7，希望大家喜歡!
老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 7
As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.
Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.
Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.
One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance
(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center
(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia
(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia
2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because
(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets
(B) the High Street Market was forced to close
(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population
(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.
3. The word "hinterland " in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tradition
(B) association
(C) produce
(D) region
4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to
(A) the crowded city
(B) a radius
(C) the High Street Market
(D) the period
5. The word "persisted" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) returned
(B) started
(C) declined
(D) continued
6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held
(A) on the same day as market says
(B) as often as possible
(C) a couple of times a year
(D) whenever the government allowed it
7. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that
(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell
(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia
(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia
(D) could easily be transported
8. The word "eradicate" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) eliminate
(B) exploit
(C) organize
(D) operate
9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that "economic development was on the merchants' side "?
(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.
(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.
(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence
(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.
10. The word "undergoing" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) requesting
(B) experiencing
(C) repeating
(D) including
正確答案： BCDCD CBABB
備考托福閱讀有哪些需要注意的事項(xiàng)?
1、對(duì)托福閱讀題型需了解
托福閱讀總共包含了三篇文章，每篇文章的單詞數(shù)在650～750個(gè)單詞之間，對(duì)應(yīng)考試試題一般在12道左右，這些題目的類型包含：總結(jié)題、圖表題、詞匯題、推斷題、修辭目的題、事實(shí)信息題等題目。托福閱讀的考試時(shí)間在60分鐘，這個(gè)時(shí)間需要你去合理的分配時(shí)間，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間把所有的題都解決掉。
2、托福閱讀誤區(qū)需避免
在托福閱讀考試中一些誤區(qū)是要同學(xué)們要必須避免的，在平常的備考練習(xí)中就要時(shí)刻謹(jǐn)記，首先在閱讀審題時(shí)不要一字不漏的都看完這樣你的時(shí)間就根本不夠用，要學(xué)會(huì)抓重點(diǎn)。其次是文章沒有看完就開始做題，這樣整體文章說的什么都不知道，想做對(duì)題那就更難了。第三是懼怕生詞，做題難免會(huì)遇到生詞，這時(shí)也不要緊張，通過上下文的分析找到正確答案是沒有問題的。
3、掌握解題技巧
除了了解托福閱讀考什么外，掌握解題技巧也是拿到滿意托福成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵。托福解題技巧能夠讓你在解答過程中除了節(jié)省時(shí)間外正確率也是非常高的。首先做閱讀的前提是英語(yǔ)單詞得認(rèn)識(shí)，在掌握了托福閱讀做題方法之前，單詞的記憶是必修課，提高詞匯量是提高閱讀成績(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。很多同學(xué)在做閱讀時(shí)先讀文章每段的首句，然后再看考試題目，再找出文章的托福閱讀應(yīng)對(duì)試題。這需要同學(xué)們找到適合自己的解題方法來應(yīng)對(duì)解題。
托福閱讀的十大題型特點(diǎn)整理
一、列舉和并列句
列舉指的是： First,... Second,... Third,.。。等逐條列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐項(xiàng)列出。它們共同的特征是列出二點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)以上的條目。該類型語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)常考的題型是“細(xì)節(jié)性問題”，主要有兩種：
1. Which 題型
該題型只要求從并列的三頂中選一項(xiàng)作為答案，其它條目與題目無關(guān)。在這種情況下，往往題目的答案出自最后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
2 . EXCEPT 題型
該題型俗稱“三缺一”題型，即題目 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)符合文章內(nèi)容，剩下一個(gè)不符合，題目便是要求選出這個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。例如： All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 這種題型只適合于考并列、列舉句，這是因?yàn)樗笃淙齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)一定是文章中出現(xiàn)的，也就是并列或列舉之處。利用這一特點(diǎn)。我們?cè)谧x文章的時(shí)候就可多留意，如看到并列、列舉句，可預(yù)想其有可能被考到;如發(fā)現(xiàn)題目中有“三缺一”題型，則應(yīng)到并列、列舉處找答案。
二、否定及轉(zhuǎn)折句
托福聽力段落題型及解題要點(diǎn)
如何用逆向搜索法得高分
如何提高托福聽力水平
否定句是指帶有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定詞的句子，而轉(zhuǎn)折句則指帶有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的句子，它們可以用下面的句型說明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。對(duì)于以上的句型常出“推斷性問題”。
三、舉例句
句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子為舉例句，?？肌巴茢嘈詥栴}”和“細(xì)節(jié)性問題”。上面句型中的 as C 為插入的舉例句。
四、數(shù)字與年代
文中的數(shù)字、年代、日期等常常是出題者注意的考題點(diǎn)，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 題。
五、最高級(jí)及絕對(duì)性詞匯
文章中若出現(xiàn) must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等絕對(duì)性詞匯或 first ， most beautiful 等最高級(jí)詞匯，往往是考題要點(diǎn)，一般出“細(xì)節(jié)性題目”。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兌加幸粋€(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，那就是 概念絕對(duì) ， 答案唯一 ，無論是出題還是做題，不會(huì)產(chǎn)出歧義和疑問，因此很容易出題，答案絕對(duì)正確。相反地，如果文章中出現(xiàn)相對(duì)性的詞匯、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 為相對(duì)性詞匯，如果我們出這樣一道題： What color hats did some people choose 那么就沒有唯一正確的答案，因?yàn)橛锌赡転?red,green 或 blue ，給評(píng)卷帶來困難。
六、比較級(jí)及比喻
如果文中含有 more than 或 as as ，like ( a fly )等句型，則為比較級(jí)或比喻句結(jié)構(gòu)，往往也是考題點(diǎn)，一般出“推斷性題目”。
七、同位語(yǔ)及插入語(yǔ)
文章中帶有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等詞匯引導(dǎo)的名詞詞組，放在一個(gè)名詞后面，為同位語(yǔ);插入語(yǔ)是指副詞、不定式、分詞、從句等結(jié)構(gòu)故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修飾整個(gè)句子、表達(dá)作者感情的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些用逗號(hào)隔開的持殊結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是考查的重點(diǎn)，一般會(huì)出“細(xì)節(jié)性題目”。
八、因果句
句中若有如下結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯的稱為因果句：
(1) 因果連詞：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等
(2)表示因果的動(dòng)詞：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;
(3) 表示因果的名詞： base, basis, result,consequence 等，這些因果句都是指明某兩個(gè)事件之間因果關(guān)系的，尤為出題者所青陳。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^出題可以考查文中兩個(gè)事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系。此種句型一般出“推斷性問題”。
九、段落句
文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段員后一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表達(dá)中思想，進(jìn)行總結(jié)綜述的地方，因此常出(1)主題性問題，(2)細(xì)節(jié)性問題(3)結(jié)構(gòu)性問題。
十、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)
有一些特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)的含義也屬于考查范圍，它們是：
(1) 破折號(hào)，表示解釋。考細(xì)節(jié)性問題;
(2) 括號(hào)，表示解釋?？技?xì)節(jié)性問題;
(3) 冒號(hào)，一股同上，有時(shí)冒號(hào)也表示列舉，則考“ EXCEPT ”題目;
(4) 引號(hào)。表示引用，考細(xì)節(jié)性問題：
(5) 驚嘆號(hào)，表示作者感情，考態(tài)度性問題。
托福閱讀的科學(xué)練習(xí)方法
科學(xué)的閱讀方法
關(guān)于閱讀方法只是對(duì)在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)有效閱讀托福文章的方法進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。閱讀技巧，特別是速度技巧中，有兩個(gè)重要的方法:Skimming&Scanning.
Skimming是只看主要大意的速讀。一篇文章的大意是有重點(diǎn)的。比如，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)first second的這種歸類總結(jié)的地方，或because，as a result這樣的因果關(guān)系，或是 but，however的語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折處，都需要格外留心。托福文章講述主要觀點(diǎn)之后通常會(huì)有for example來佐證，如果看懂了主要觀點(diǎn)，那么對(duì)示例所用的時(shí)間和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍閱讀文章意圖抓住文章大意時(shí)是非常重要的。
Scanning是“掃描”，但具體到閱讀中，大家最熟悉的莫過于查詞典時(shí)。在有意識(shí)地去查某個(gè)生詞的時(shí)候，我們不會(huì)去把它所在的頁(yè)上每一個(gè)字都看一遍才找到想要的。幾乎眼睛對(duì)詞典中的一頁(yè)掃一下，腦中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像沒有看到一樣。在托福的閱讀中，scanning的技巧在回答問題時(shí)，根據(jù)題干中問到的內(nèi)容，在文章中scan，可以幫助考生準(zhǔn)確地定位，找到答案。
托福的文章長(zhǎng)度大多在300-400字之間。以平均每篇讀10分鐘計(jì)算，按照每分鐘閱讀150字的速度，一篇文章從頭到尾通讀，至少需2-3分鐘。這可了解文章的大意，但不一定保證讀得透徹。在第一遍通讀的過程中，考生不要期望每個(gè)字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。只需一直往下看，用前面介紹到的skimming原則，掌握文章的主旨即可。這個(gè)過程中，文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句話往往起著提綱挈領(lǐng)或起承轉(zhuǎn)合的作用，是閱讀時(shí)要多留心的地方。
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老托福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE7
