被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式
英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式
如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，謂語用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，如“We clean the room every day.”;如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者說是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，謂語則是要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如“The room is cleaned every day.”
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式：
1) am/is/are +done
I’m asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world.
2) has /have been done
This book has been translated into many foreign languages.
The prices of many goods have been cut again .
3) am/is /are being done
A road is being built around the mountain.
Many new houses are being built in this city.
4) was/were done
This house was built in 1958.
His leg was broken in an accident.
5) had been done
A new school had been set up by the end of last year.
When the anthem1 had been played the conference2 began.
6) was/were being done
The meeting was being held when I was there.
We were being trained this time last year.
7) shall/will be done
More factories will be built in our city.
He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
8) shall/will have been done
The project will have been completed before July.
Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.
9) should/would be done
He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.
10) should/would have been done
He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
擴(kuò)展：常見的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
1、SVO句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
SVO句型中的謂語為單賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動(dòng)式) (+ by短語)。例如：
He wrote1 the book two years ago. → The book was2 written by him two years ago. 這本書是他在兩年前寫的。
They are cleaning the house. → The house is being3 cleaned (by them). 房子正在被(他們)打掃。
You’re wanted on the phone. 有你的電話。
2、SVoO句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
SVoO句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞為雙賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動(dòng)式) + O/o(保留賓語) (+ by短語)。
需要說明的是，一般把間接賓語(表示人)作為被動(dòng)句的主語，而把直接賓語(表示物)作為保留賓語。如果把直接賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語，則間接賓語作為保留賓語，它的前面通常要用介詞to或for(視動(dòng)詞而定)。例如：
My aunt gave4 me an apple. → I was given5 an apple. / An apple was given to me. 有人給了我一只蘋果。[被動(dòng)句中省略了by my aunt。]
His mother bought him a new coat. → He was bought a new coat. / A new coat was bought for him. 有人給他買了一件新大衣。[被動(dòng)句中省略了by his mother。]
3、SVOC句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
SVOC句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動(dòng)式) + C(主語補(bǔ)足語) (+ by短語)[1]。例如：
People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short. 我常常被人直呼吉姆。
They asked Mike to write soon. → Mike was asked to write soon. 邁克被要求盡快寫信。
He made6 the baby laugh. → The baby was made to laugh (by him). 那個(gè)嬰兒被(他)逗笑了。[請(qǐng)比較前后兩句中的劃線單詞，被動(dòng)句中需要加上to。]
在被動(dòng)句中作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一律要帶to，不論其作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)是否帶to(請(qǐng)見以上各例句)。
4、短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動(dòng)式) + 介詞/副詞 (+ by短語)。例如：
We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for. 已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。
I turned off7 the radio just now. → The radio was turned off just now. 收音機(jī)剛才(被)關(guān)掉了。
They are taking good care8 of the children. → The children are being taken good care of. 孩子們正在受到良好的照顧。
在將含有短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，原短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞(如以上句中的for, off, of)不能遺漏。
5、帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~的被動(dòng)式) (+ by短語)。例如：
You must do it at once. → It must be done at once. 這件事必須立即做。
We can see the park from the window. → The park can be seen9 from the window. 公園可以從窗戶那里看到。
相關(guān)文章：
2.語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí):語態(tài)的基本概念與被動(dòng)語態(tài)
3.8個(gè)實(shí)用中學(xué)英語語法填空解題技巧
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種形式
