托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)及講座中的考點(diǎn)原則——人物考點(diǎn)
為了幫助大家高效備考托福聽(tīng)力,提高聽(tīng)力水平,下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)及講座中的考點(diǎn)原則——人物考點(diǎn)。
托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)及講座中的考點(diǎn)原則——人物考點(diǎn)
托福聽(tīng)力的考點(diǎn)原則有很多,同學(xué)們常知的有例子,原因,對(duì)比,轉(zhuǎn)折等等,熟悉這些考點(diǎn)能幫助同學(xué)們理清聽(tīng)力的重點(diǎn),在記筆記時(shí)也不至于太過(guò)盲目,最后導(dǎo)致不重要的記到了,而重點(diǎn)部分卻遺失了。
今天要給大家講一講的是托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)中的另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)原則,這個(gè)考點(diǎn)其實(shí)挺??嫉?,但是很多同學(xué)都沒(méi)有注意過(guò)。其實(shí),與其說(shuō)是聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn),還不如說(shuō)是所有聽(tīng)力篇章當(dāng)中原則,在講座中也會(huì)常考,只是講座中很常針對(duì)人物本身展開(kāi)說(shuō)明或敘述,因此看起來(lái)不是那么明顯。
今天的文章就先針對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中這個(gè)考點(diǎn)的體現(xiàn)來(lái)給大家舉幾個(gè)例子。在舉例之前,先給同學(xué)闡釋清楚,這里所指的任務(wù)考點(diǎn),一般包括對(duì)話(huà)者在相互對(duì)話(huà)時(shí)提到一些有關(guān)于其話(huà)題相關(guān)的任務(wù),同時(shí)也包括他們二者題外話(huà)中的其他人物的提及。
請(qǐng)注意:這個(gè)考點(diǎn)不是每個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)當(dāng)中都會(huì)涉及,因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候?qū)υ?huà)中不會(huì)有第三者之外的人名出現(xiàn),若是出現(xiàn),非常容易被考。
首先,我們來(lái)看這個(gè)考點(diǎn)常常以什么樣的形式出題。 一般情況會(huì)有以下幾種方式:
1. Why does the professor/student mention _(這里通常是人名或某一人物)?
2. What does the man imply/ say about _ (同上)?
大家可以看到,這兩種問(wèn)題方式其實(shí)與例子考點(diǎn)的方式非常相似, 第一種是考所提及內(nèi)容目的,第二種是所提到內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié),所以大家理解時(shí)與例子考點(diǎn)一樣來(lái)理解便可。
接下來(lái)我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)具體的例子來(lái)幫助大家理解:
第一個(gè)例子
( TPO 22 Conversation 2)
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題為:What does the man say about his grandmother’s music career?
A: She studied both classical music and jazz in school.
B: She planned a career as a jazz musician.
C: She performed jazz music for most of her career.
D: She now performs both classical music and jazz.
這篇對(duì)話(huà)的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞著學(xué)生祖母的音樂(lè)會(huì)所展開(kāi),那么grandmother 這個(gè)任務(wù)就是個(gè)重點(diǎn),這里的考的大家所提及內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)。好,現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看看關(guān)于其music career的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容原文是怎樣的。
Student: I see. Ok. Um...I have an idea.
Professor: Ok.
Student: Well, as you read in my paper, my grandmother performs classic music.
Professor: Yes.
Student: That’s her true love. But for most of her career, she performed jazz. She originally studied to be a classical pianist. But jazz was in its heyday back then, and when she got out of conservatory, she was invited to join a jazz orchestra. And the opportunity was just too good to turn down.
從原文中我們可以得知關(guān)于這個(gè)學(xué)生祖母的演藝生涯是有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的,她由之前學(xué)習(xí)classical pianist轉(zhuǎn)為在jazz orchestra演出,所以這道題是雙重考點(diǎn)的結(jié)合。因此排除干擾項(xiàng),我們的答案為C。
再看一例
(TPO33 Conversation 1)
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題:What does the man imply about the custodian?
A: The custodian is not usually responsible for making repairs.
B: The custodian did not follow correct procedures.
C: The custodian needs permission before making repairs.
D: The custodian had reported the problem earlier.
我們先在看原文中是怎么提及到這個(gè)看似與話(huà)題無(wú)關(guān)的人物custodian的:
Employee:Well, OK. There’s a couple of things we can do. I can have a custodian take a look at it and see if he can do something.
Student: Actually, I asked the custodian yesterday to take a look. But he said he couldn’t find anything wrong. He said that some of the other rooms have lost heat also and that if we’d come here you guys would fix it.
Employee: Oh, he did? That’s weird, because I would have... Well, the custodians themselves are usually supposed to report any problems right away. OK. In that case, then what you need to do is ... Here, fill out this form.
可以看到,當(dāng)兩人提及這個(gè)看門(mén)人時(shí),學(xué)生提到了關(guān)于其的具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容就是已經(jīng)幫學(xué)生檢查過(guò)了,而他找不到具體問(wèn)題在哪,所以他讓學(xué)生來(lái)找工作人員。而工作人員對(duì)學(xué)生所提到的這些內(nèi)容的所回答的語(yǔ)氣則表明了他的態(tài)度,他覺(jué)得這個(gè)看門(mén)人這樣做很weird, 所以答案選B。
最后,我們?cè)賮?lái)看一例
(TPO 40 Conversation 1)
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題:Why does the professor mention a student in another class?
A: To describe an interesting topic for a project
B: To explain the cause of her initial confusion
C: To point out that she has not received e-mails from all her students yet
D: To indicate that has several students doing projects about restaurants
在原文的最開(kāi)始部分,老師有提到另外一個(gè)學(xué)生TOM:
Professor: Wait. I thought you were gonna come up with a hypothetical business plan for an amusement park. Isn’t that what you emailed me last week? I could’ve sworn...Oh, I’m thinking of Tom from another class. Tom Benson. Sorry. Sorry.
這道題考的是老師提及這個(gè)學(xué)生的原因或目的,從原文來(lái)看老師以為來(lái)找他的這個(gè)學(xué)生是寫(xiě)友樂(lè)園計(jì)劃的,后來(lái)反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)是自己弄混了,想到了另一個(gè)班上學(xué)生Tom. 所以答案應(yīng)該選B,解釋老師一開(kāi)始的困惑。
綜合上述幾個(gè)例子,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn), 只要對(duì)話(huà)中出現(xiàn)了人名或人物的時(shí)候,同學(xué)們是需要額外留意的,不僅需要留意所提及的原因及目的,也要注意對(duì)此人物所展開(kāi)話(huà)題的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。希望以上內(nèi)容能給大家的托福聽(tīng)力備考帶來(lái)一些幫助。
托福聽(tīng)力—結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法
所謂的結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法,顧名思義就是學(xué)會(huì)如何抓主要結(jié)構(gòu)。首先,我們可以分析一下托福聽(tīng)力的考察方面。根據(jù)官方指南所給出的托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)技能的考察,我們可以看出,托福聽(tīng)力主要考察三個(gè)方面:
1. basic understanding (基本理解)50%
2. pragmatic understanding (實(shí)際理解)25%
3. connecting information (連接信息)25 `%
而這三個(gè)方面如果再詳細(xì)的分析的話(huà),可以看出具體是考察 6 種技能:
1. identifying the topic and main idea (主題)
2. listen for details (主要細(xì)節(jié))
3. determining attitude and purpose (態(tài)度,目的,重放題較多)
4. making inferences and predictions (推斷題)
5. categorization information (分類(lèi))
6. summering a process (過(guò)程)
從上面的考察點(diǎn)我們可以看出,托福聽(tīng)力考察大結(jié)構(gòu),不考小細(xì)節(jié),另外根據(jù)美國(guó)的思維方式,我們還要熟知,答托福題,一定要直線(xiàn)思維,不能用推理思維。
一、用結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)力法記筆記任何一篇文章的時(shí)候,我們要注意如下的 10 點(diǎn)主要結(jié)構(gòu),每個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都對(duì)應(yīng)上述的考察點(diǎn):
1 主題 2 定義 3 因果 4 過(guò)程 5 例子 6 轉(zhuǎn)折 7 強(qiáng)調(diào) 8 列舉 9 比較 10 總結(jié)因此我們要根據(jù)這 10 點(diǎn)去記筆記,具體怎么記呢?下面我們按講座和對(duì)話(huà)分別講解。
4.2 講座的結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 主題:什么是主題?主題要記下來(lái)嗎?怎樣記主題?
首先,老師在講座開(kāi)頭可能會(huì)這樣直接告訴你,“今天我要講。。。Today, I will be talkingabout…”這樣的開(kāi)頭是友好的,你很容易就找到主題。但是有些教授就會(huì)東扯西扯的。
例如:上次我們講了。。。今天我們講。。。;
Last time, we talked about…, today, we will be discussing…
我們一直在講。。。今天我們來(lái)講。。。
We’ve been talking about…Today, let’s discuss…
接著上次的。。
。今天我們講。。。
Continuing…Today, we will…
大家千萬(wàn)不要記他上次說(shuō)的,要記后面的,后面的才是主題?;蛘呗?tīng)完全文,感受一下,他說(shuō)的最多的是什么,這才是主題。只在開(kāi)頭,中間,或者只在結(jié)尾講一次的,都不是主題,切記!筆記可以不寫(xiě),注意聽(tīng)!
新托福聽(tīng)力之疑難詞組集合
1,give out——分給人們,分發(fā)
-The dormitory laundry service gives out clean sheets each week, doesn't it?
2,give credibility to——相信
-did you hear about jam(擁擠,堵塞) Jim——你聽(tīng)說(shuō)有關(guān)Jim的事了嗎
I wouldn't give that rumor any credibility
3,give sb a ride——讓某人搭車(chē)
-Can I give you a ride over there?
4,give up——放棄,投降,屈服
-You are not going to give it up, are you?
--I think I am going to give up playing table tennis I lost again today Just because you lost, is there any reason to quit
5,give someone a break——行行好吧, 用于口語(yǔ)(與人方便)
-Give me a break; I am nervous enough as it is? 行行好吧,我已經(jīng)夠緊張的了
6,go ahead——開(kāi)始做某事
-Do go ahead before with your dessert? 吃點(diǎn)甜點(diǎn)吧
了解美國(guó)文化背景為托福聽(tīng)力加分
第一步:Maintain your composure and your confidence(保持冷靜和自信)。要想徹底聽(tīng)懂托福聽(tīng)力的內(nèi)容,或與老外進(jìn)行無(wú)障礙交流,首先要對(duì)自己有信心,千萬(wàn)不要因?yàn)闆](méi)聽(tīng)懂一兩個(gè)單詞而慌了手腳。這種良好的心理素質(zhì)對(duì)提高聽(tīng)力能力相當(dāng)關(guān)鍵。
第二步:Make pictures and images(學(xué)會(huì)形象化記憶)。聽(tīng)力的過(guò)程中要學(xué)會(huì)把抽象的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)變成形象的圖畫(huà),并反映在腦海之中。有了動(dòng)態(tài)圖象的幫助,才有利于抓住語(yǔ)言的主要信息而非旁支末節(jié)。
第三步:Model every thing(善于模仿)。不要盲目追求題海戰(zhàn)術(shù),不斷地找新題目來(lái)練,而應(yīng)該把注意力放在聽(tīng)過(guò)的題目上,進(jìn)一步分析、研究,并認(rèn)真模仿聽(tīng)力題目中的各種語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣、習(xí)語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ)等。
第四步:Magnify the meaning and usage of the words and patterns(掌握多義詞)??谡Z(yǔ)的最大特點(diǎn)是一詞多義,這也是導(dǎo)致一些考生明明聽(tīng)出了是哪個(gè)詞,卻仍然搞不懂其在題目中確切含義的重要原因。因此,在平時(shí)練習(xí)中要注意掌握聽(tīng)力題目中常用詞匯和句式的其他用法。
第五步:Mine the cultural background and the way of English thinking behind the language(了解美國(guó)文化背景和思維方式)。語(yǔ)言是文化和思維的載體,努力挖掘聽(tīng)力題目中的美國(guó)文化背景和思維模式,就能在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。
第六步:Memorize them(不斷記憶)。托福聽(tīng)力題中一些語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的重現(xiàn)率很高,考生需要將他們加以背誦和記憶。背的越多,就意味著熟悉度越高,同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了良好的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。
托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)及講座中的考點(diǎn)原則——人物考點(diǎn)相關(guān)文章:
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