演講時如何過渡
演講時如何過渡
在演講過程中突然忘詞，這是參加演講的人不愿卻又很難避免發(fā)生的事情，但如果演講者能從容鎮(zhèn)定，巧妙過渡，或用上段結(jié)尾中的句子進行發(fā)揮，都可以巧妙地救場，也許演講還會因此而更精彩。那么演講時要如何過渡?下面學習啦小編整理了演講時過渡的方法，供你閱讀參考。
演講時過渡的方法：過渡演講技巧
(1)從小到大。初學演講的人，應(yīng)從自己比較熟悉的內(nèi)容開始，比如青少年比較關(guān)心的理想、立志、學習、紀律、友誼等內(nèi)容，而不要急于去談?wù)撃切┳约翰惶煜さ摹⒈容^復雜的大道理、大內(nèi)容。開始練習演講時題目要小一些，目的要簡單，內(nèi)容要具體，這樣比較容易成功。然后一步步過渡到大題目、大容量、高層次的演講。
(2)從易到難。相對而言，以敘述和抒情為主的演講比較容易掌握，以議論為主的或綜合運用各種表達方式的演講比較難。這與書面表達的學習順序是一致的，首先應(yīng)掌握敘述、描寫、說明、抒情等基本演講能力，進而過渡到議論和綜合型的演講。沒有比較堅實的敘述事件的表達能力，演講是不容易獲得成功的。所以一開始就要把敘述型演講的基礎(chǔ)打好，然后再進行說理議論型的演講練習。
(3)從短到長。演講時間的長短也要體現(xiàn)循序漸進的原則。當然有些短的演講難度也很大，但一般說，短的演講主題集中，單一，開門見山，簡單明了，初學者比較容易掌握，即使不太成功，聽眾也能諒解。長的演講結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、涉及面廣，主題不容易把握，特別是在控場能力較差的情況下，容易造成失敗。此外，初學演講的人，在語言運用上也要力求多用短句，簡潔明白，盡量小用或不用含信息量大的比較長的復雜句子。也就是說，有時為了說明一個問題，寧肯用三個短句，也不用一個長句。
(4)由分到合。演講是一個綜合性的活動，它包括許多內(nèi)容和基本功。一次演講的成功與失敗固然與演講者自身德才常識各方面的修養(yǎng)有直接關(guān)系，但這幾方面修養(yǎng)很高的人卻不一定能成為一個很好的演講者。這是因為演講還有一系列技巧問題。比如說話的技巧，發(fā)聲的技巧，儀態(tài)手勢、面部表情的技巧等等。要求初學演講的人一下子把這些熟練地掌握是不可能的，而且在練習過程中，這些技巧的熟練程度也不會是平衡發(fā)展的。解決的辦法，是下功夫先進行單項練習，特別是自己感到薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)，要反復練習，集中力量突破難點。在單項練習的基礎(chǔ)上，再進行綜合練習，反復試講，一步一步地使整個演講從內(nèi)容到語言表達、姿態(tài)手勢、面部表情、眼神等的配合達到和諧統(tǒng)一，盡善盡美。
(5)由點到面。一般來說，初學者練習演講都是一人一個點，先個人單獨練習。這種練習法比較方便，不受拘束，不受一些條件限制，只要是自己在空閑時間，隨時都可以練習。但是這種關(guān)門閉戶的單個練習，必須要在老師或正確的演講方法指導下進行練習，否則就會適得其反，得不償失。當單個練習達到一定程度時，就應(yīng)該嘗試當眾練習了。這時，可以請來自家人或一些朋友、同事乃至有經(jīng)驗的演講者。練習者演講一段，然后就讓他們提出意見，以便改正缺點，使演講日趨完美。“丑媳婦總得見公婆”，在演講基本熟練后，就必須拿出勇氣來，面對聽眾，到大庭廣眾中去練習演講。在這種實踐中，最容易發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)缺點，也能最有效的較快的提高自己的演講水平。值得注意的是，演講者每講完一次后，都應(yīng)該及時地虛心地征求一下聽眾的意見，然后認真總結(jié)，精心研究，注意發(fā)揚成績，克服缺點。久而久之，熟能生巧，演講水平定會得到提高。
此外，在練習演講的過程中，還要善于學習他人長處，克服自己的不足。每個演講者都有長處和不足，善于學習的人懂得取長補短的重要意義。魯迅曾說過：“只看一個人的著作，結(jié)果是不大好的;你就得不到多方面的優(yōu)點。必須如蜜蜂一樣，采過許多花，這才能釀出蜜來，倘若叮在一處，所得就非常有限，枯燥了。”所以說，高超的演講才能，只屬于那些博采眾長、刻苦練習、勤奮磨練、持之以恒、執(zhí)著追求的人。
演講時過渡的方法：英語演講過渡語的類型
Types of speech transition words
演講過渡語的類型
There are many types of speech transitions. Each type highlights a different verbal relationship. For example, one type of transition highlights the contrast between two different ideas.
Each of these types is cataloged below. For each type, we list just a few of the possible words and phrases. Can you think of others?
1. Transition between Similar Ideas or Points
過渡到相似的觀點
Likewise …
Similarly …
This is just like …
In a similar way …
We see the same thing if we consider …
“Speech transitions smooth over the boundary between two ideas, and reveal the relationship between the words just spoken and those about to be spoken.”
2. Transition between Contrasting Ideas or Points
過渡到相反的觀點
However …
Conversely …
On the contrary …
On the other side …
On the other hand …
If we flip that around …
Yet, we cannot ignore …
The opposing argument …
If we examine the opposite side, we see …
3. Transition to elaborate upon an idea
轉(zhuǎn)入對觀點的詳細解釋說明
Also …
Moreover …
In addition …
Furthermore …
In other words …
Not only that, but …
4. Transition to Numbered Ideas or Points (or Process Steps)
引出多個觀點
First … (The first step is …)
Second … (The second step is …)
Third … (The third step is …)
Last … (The last step is …)
5. Transition to show Cause-Effect Relationship
因果關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折
Therefore …
As a result …
Consequently …
For that reason …
This is important because …
6. Transition to a Supporting Example
轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點的事例
For instance …
For example …
As an example …
To illustrate this …
What’s an example of this? …
But does this happen in real life? Yes …
7. Transition to a Supporting Demonstration
轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點的演示、展示
Now that we’ve covered the theory, let’s see it in action …
To reinforce what we’ve learned, let’s see a demonstration …
I’ve prepared a demonstration to show how this works.
Let’s see a demonstration which applies what we’ve learned.
“When executed well, speech transitions help make a speech understandable.
When executed poorly, speech transitions can obscure meaning and frustrate audiences.”
8. Transition to a Supporting Quotation
轉(zhuǎn)入支撐觀點的引用語
X said: …
In 1968, X said: …
This idea was expressed clearly by X who said …
9. Transition from Introduction into Speech Body
從引入語過渡到演講正題
Let’s begin …
To get started, let’s examine …
Let’s get started talking about …
Now that we’ve given an overview, let’s start with …
10. Transition from Speech Body into Conclusion
從演講正文過渡到結(jié)束語
For a short speech, you might conclude with a single statement:
In short …
In summary …
In conclusion …
In a longer presentation, your conclusion might include a review of a the key points:
Let’s summarize the key lessons …
Let’s recap what we’ve covered today …
11. Transition to Another Speaker
一個講者過渡到另一個講者
In a team presentation, it is necessary to transfer control between speakers.
The abrupt way to do this is to simply have one person stop talking, and then have the other person start talking. It is much smoother, however, to pass the verbal baton to the next speaker (X):
To talk about our next topic, we have X …
I’ll pass the microphone to X who will describe …
To guide us through a demonstration of this, we have X …
12. Transition Back to an Earlier Point
轉(zhuǎn)回之前的觀點
There are many occasions when you need to jump back to an earlier idea to add additional information. e.g. after a break, following an exercise, or returning from an unplanned interruption
Let’s return …
Let’s revisit …
Let’s go back to …
We introduced X earlier; let’s explore that further now.
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