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<h1>高中化學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐?/h1> <div id="omx8grj" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="fd3w0ga" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="4q9b4be" class="sp2 c6 fl">時(shí)間：<time class="fxtime">2017-05-31 17:08:34</time></span> <span id="bhs9kn9" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">秋梅</em><em class="user_id noshow">1032</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="wlym3pz" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vceyoz9" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="oufq3te" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p> 　　高中的化學(xué)相對(duì)于初中生來(lái)說(shuō),更加深?yuàn)W,所以為了讓學(xué)生對(duì)高中化學(xué)產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣,并且能夠?qū)Ω咧械幕瘜W(xué)知識(shí)更加容易吸收,必須將以往化學(xué)課傳統(tǒng)的授課模式和理念進(jìn)行改變,還要講究科學(xué)性,在化學(xué)知識(shí)不斷加深的同時(shí),尋找有效的授課方法也就變得極為重要。下文是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家搜集整理的關(guān)于高中化學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐牡膬?nèi)容，歡迎大家閱讀參考!</p><h2> 　　高中化學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐钠?</h2><p> 　　淺談高中化學(xué)案例教學(xué)</p><p> 　　一、案例背景</p><p> 　　硝酸是氮的重要化合物，而且是工業(yè)三大強(qiáng)酸之一。硝酸的化學(xué)性質(zhì)是本章的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，硝酸的氧化性是教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。硝酸是繼硫酸后的另一種強(qiáng)氧化性的強(qiáng)酸，所以在教學(xué)上以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生類比硫酸的物理性質(zhì)和化學(xué)性質(zhì)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)硝酸的性質(zhì)。例如：硝酸具有酸的通性，但它也有自身的一些特性。通過(guò)對(duì)硝酸的學(xué)習(xí)可以加深學(xué)生對(duì)酸性質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)，也可以讓學(xué)生知道硝酸在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要作用。該教學(xué)案例的教學(xué)對(duì)象是高一年普通班的學(xué)生。</p><p> 　　二、情境描述</p><p> 　　對(duì)于本節(jié)課的教學(xué)，我曾經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)以下兩種不同的教學(xué)方法。</p><p> 　　起先，我主要采取小組合作探究教學(xué)法，上課時(shí)把班級(jí)同學(xué)分成八個(gè)小組，每組7-8位同學(xué)，推選出小組長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)宣布小組比賽記分規(guī)則。設(shè)置許多問(wèn)題情境例如：播出動(dòng)畫“烏云、閃電、雷鳴、大雨，禾苗茁壯成長(zhǎng)”，然后教師要求學(xué)生根據(jù)該情境回憶所學(xué)內(nèi)容，寫出相關(guān)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式，從而引出本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。對(duì)硝酸的各方面性質(zhì)逐一展開探究所有演示實(shí)驗(yàn)都改為學(xué)生分組實(shí)驗(yàn)，并增設(shè)對(duì)銅與稀硝酸反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物探究的實(shí)驗(yàn)。在活動(dòng)過(guò)程中，教師提出問(wèn)題讓小組搶答，學(xué)生產(chǎn)生濃厚的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，課堂氣氛活躍;但當(dāng)要求學(xué)生對(duì)所做實(shí)驗(yàn)提出問(wèn)題時(shí)，卻出現(xiàn)了冷場(chǎng)。</p><p> 　　接下來(lái)硝酸物理性質(zhì)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生分組觀察。由于課前沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求，有的學(xué)生開始不按要求進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，課堂秩序有些混亂。后來(lái)學(xué)生做了銅與濃硝酸反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)后，大量NO2氣體外逸，教室刺激性氣味很重，學(xué)生注意力分散，。在引入階段，雖進(jìn)行得比較順利，但用了將近20分鐘時(shí)間。等物理性質(zhì)討論結(jié)束后，教學(xué)時(shí)間已很倉(cāng)促。最后導(dǎo)致教學(xué)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容無(wú)法完成。所以第一種教學(xué)方法可以說(shuō)是以失敗而告終。</p><p> 　　在后面相同內(nèi)容的教學(xué)中，我嘗試了另外一種教學(xué)方法：改變?cè)鹊奶骄糠椒?，將多個(gè)探究點(diǎn)改為一個(gè)探究點(diǎn)進(jìn)行教學(xué)。先用硝酸泄漏的新聞事件引出課題，然后用化學(xué)的視角提出問(wèn)題：</p><p> 　　1、為什么看到紅色煙霧;</p><p> 　　2、為什么在遠(yuǎn)處會(huì)聞到刺激性氣味等。通過(guò)這些實(shí)例的分析就可以對(duì)硝酸的物理性質(zhì)、酸性和不穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行略微小結(jié)，不僅可以節(jié)省時(shí)間，而且便于學(xué)生記憶，這樣就有足夠的時(shí)間將本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容放在讓學(xué)生探究硝酸的氧化性上。</p><p> 　　教師先按教材演示銅與濃、稀硝酸反應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)銅與稀硝酸反應(yīng)的試管中出現(xiàn)紅棕色，這時(shí)教師可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提出疑：“ 課本中描述，銅與稀硝酸反應(yīng)生成無(wú)色的NO氣體，為何試管中出現(xiàn)紅棕色?” 學(xué)生立即回答，NO氣體被試管中空氣里的氧氣氧化而生成NO2氣體。</p><p> 　　教師追問(wèn)，如何證實(shí)銅與稀硝酸反應(yīng)開始生成的是無(wú)色的NO氣體? 部分同學(xué)答道，反應(yīng)前排出試管中的空氣，然后重復(fù)剛才的實(shí)驗(yàn)，教師繼續(xù)追問(wèn)，那么如何排出試管中的空氣呢，請(qǐng)大家設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。這時(shí)教師給學(xué)生于使當(dāng)?shù)膯l(fā)(此時(shí)學(xué)生的動(dòng)手能力還不夠)，我們收集氣體時(shí)可用什么方法? 學(xué)生馬上回答，排空氣法和排水法。教師繼續(xù)引導(dǎo)，用什么氣體好呢? 學(xué)生甲首先想到，用CO2氣體。排水法中是氣體把水排出，“那么水能把氣體排出嗎?” 這一次學(xué)生乙最先想到，能，貯氣瓶中氣體就是用水壓出的。接著教師要求學(xué)生按上述思路設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。經(jīng)過(guò)幾分鐘，有幾位同學(xué)畫出幾種實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置，部分同學(xué)仍然無(wú)從下手。師生共同評(píng)價(jià)幾套裝置優(yōu)劣后，教師推薦用注射器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。教師先向?qū)W生說(shuō)明實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟，然后讓學(xué)生根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟進(jìn)行操作。先把細(xì)銅絲放在針筒中，然后抽取2―3mL稀硝酸，針頭用橡皮塞堵住(注意：不可用手)。觀察到無(wú)色氣體和藍(lán)色溶液后，把注射器豎立針頭朝上，拿掉針頭上的橡皮塞，向外拉注射器，吸入少量空氣。立即能觀察到無(wú)色氣體變?yōu)榧t棕色。</p><p> 　　三、案例結(jié)果</p><p> 　　兩種教學(xué)方法取得的效果對(duì)比，第二種的教學(xué)方法明顯優(yōu)于第一種，不僅沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)第一種教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)有毒氣體逸出或者教學(xué)進(jìn)度偏慢慌亂的局面，而且整個(gè)教學(xué)按教材順序從上到下，有條不紊，在把各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一一傳授，同時(shí)把硝酸的性質(zhì)與鹽酸和硫酸進(jìn)行比較。整節(jié)課學(xué)生也能自始至終積極地配合，踴躍回答問(wèn)題，同時(shí)由于教師所提問(wèn)題學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)思考都能回答，使大部分同學(xué)感到有成就感;實(shí)驗(yàn)由幾位學(xué)生來(lái)演示，不僅滿足了學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)欲。而且節(jié)省了教學(xué)時(shí)間，很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。</p><p> 　　四、案例評(píng)析</p><p> 　　通過(guò)對(duì)兩次教學(xué)中成功與失敗的分析，我認(rèn)為第一次教學(xué)失敗的原因主要有：1、對(duì)學(xué)生不夠了解，小組合作探究教學(xué)方法對(duì)班級(jí)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)只是充滿好奇而已，久而久之，隨著好奇感的消失就很難進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。2、學(xué)生分組以及小組競(jìng)賽規(guī)則介紹耽誤一些時(shí)間。3、實(shí)驗(yàn)前未讓學(xué)生徹底明確實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體步驟，學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)不能同步進(jìn)行，課堂節(jié)奏不好控制，延誤了不少時(shí)間。4、時(shí)間分配不合理，對(duì)所有內(nèi)容都進(jìn)行探究，造成重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的教學(xué)時(shí)間不夠。</p><p> 　　對(duì)于第二種教學(xué)本人比較認(rèn)同，我認(rèn)為給教學(xué)方法既體現(xiàn)了讓學(xué)生自主探究的現(xiàn)代教學(xué)理念，同時(shí)又注重對(duì)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)的落實(shí)。使學(xué)生既可以掌握知識(shí)又可以發(fā)展能力。實(shí)驗(yàn)的安排和設(shè)計(jì)也充分考慮到環(huán)保問(wèn)題，體現(xiàn)綠色化學(xué)理念。之所以這次教學(xué)能成功是由于：1、總結(jié)第一次的失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)，課前充分準(zhǔn)備：備教材，備學(xué)生。2、在此基礎(chǔ)上安排教學(xué)內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容由淺入深、漸入佳境，使學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)不斷地去構(gòu)建自己的意義。3、教師在課堂上不斷引導(dǎo)，積極營(yíng)造和諧的課堂氣氛。4、探究點(diǎn)設(shè)置明確，既突出重點(diǎn)也突破難點(diǎn).</p><p> 　　雖然第二種教學(xué)方法現(xiàn)對(duì)于第一種要具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是，經(jīng)過(guò)思考本人覺(jué)得硝酸這一節(jié)內(nèi)容還可以采用問(wèn)題情景教學(xué)法。教學(xué)時(shí)可設(shè)計(jì)以下幾個(gè)主要問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生探討：1.你通過(guò)對(duì)硝酸的觀察能得到那些信息?2.你能找出硝酸與鹽酸、硫酸的區(qū)別嗎?3.硝酸為何保存在棕色瓶中?4.通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)比較濃、稀硝酸與銅反應(yīng)異同，如何設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明稀硝酸與銅反應(yīng)的還原產(chǎn)物是NO?5.硝酸與非金屬反應(yīng)有何規(guī)律?6.你是如何來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)硝酸的氧化性? 你能對(duì)硝酸還原產(chǎn)物作出判斷嗎?這些只是構(gòu)思，還沒(méi)有進(jìn)行教學(xué)實(shí)踐，在今后教學(xué)實(shí)踐中才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。</p><p> 　　五、案例啟示</p><p> 　　隨著教學(xué)理念不斷更新，探究教學(xué)嶄露頭角。大部分教師迫于現(xiàn)行高考的升學(xué)壓力和繁重的教學(xué)任務(wù)，缺乏對(duì)探究教學(xué)深入研究。導(dǎo)致探究教學(xué)大多流于形式，停留在表演階段，教學(xué)效果得不到充分體現(xiàn)，探究教學(xué)難以深入到平常的課堂教學(xué)中。從創(chuàng)新教育→研究性學(xué)習(xí)→探究教學(xué)，一路走來(lái)雖然風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，但埋藏在學(xué)生心里的自主學(xué)習(xí)種子已開始萌芽，我們這些園丁應(yīng)義不容辭倍加呵護(hù)，使他們茁壯成長(zhǎng)，花開遍地，結(jié)成累累碩果。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><span 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