主謂一致高中英語語法與短語
主謂一致高中英語語法與短語
主謂一致時,什么時候謂語用單數(shù)?什么時候用復數(shù)?如何學好英語?小編在這里整理了相關資料,快來學習學習吧!
主謂一致高中英語語法
一 主謂一致概念
一、主謂一致概念:
主謂一致,即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要和主語保持一致。一般來說,如果主語是單數(shù)形式,那么謂語動詞要用單數(shù);如果主語是復數(shù)形式,那么謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。但是,也會出現(xiàn)一些特殊情況,這就是我們要總結的。
二 主謂一致類型
1. 不可數(shù)名詞看成單數(shù),因此謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞有很多,比如空氣、水、重量、長度、金錢等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.
(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.
第一個句子里,錢即使再多,也只是一筆數(shù)目,所以看成單數(shù);第二個句子里,work是不可數(shù)的,這個要注意,在英語里,我們把job看成可數(shù)名詞,但是work看成不可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞的前提下,不論講它的幾分之幾,還是百分之多少,都仍然是不可數(shù)。
2. 主語從句看成單數(shù)。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.
這句話里有兩個動詞,一個是were,另一個是is,一個句子只能有一個動詞,所以這里肯定嵌入了一個從句,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)That they were wrong in these matters是個整體,充當整個句子里的主語,所以是主語從句。我們把主語從句看成單數(shù),所以這里用的is。
3. 就前原則
就前原則,指的是動詞單復數(shù)看這個詞前面的名詞單復數(shù)情況。as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原則。具體我們來看以下例句:
(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily communication.
(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
第一句話的意思是郵件和電話在日常溝通中有重要作用。按照意思上,感覺講的是兩個東西,動詞要用復數(shù),但是as well as是就前原則,動詞要看as well as前面的名詞的單復數(shù)情況,這句話里as well as前面是E-mail,是單數(shù),因此動詞用單數(shù)plays。第二句話的意思是一個有著五千本書的圖書館被當作禮物贈給一個國家。這句話里有with,也是就前原則,動詞單復數(shù)看with前面的名詞單復數(shù),這句話里with前面是a library,因此用單數(shù)is offered.
4. 就近原則
就近原則,和就前原則相反,指句子里動詞單復數(shù)要看離動詞最近的名詞單復數(shù)情況。either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…都是遵循就前原則,下面我們來看些例句進行理解:
(1) Either you or I am going to the teachers' office after class.
(2) Not only Tom but also his wife is fond of watching television.
第一句話里有either…or…,因此句子里的動詞要看離動詞最近的名詞,最近的名詞是 I,因此動詞要用am。第二句里有not only…but also…,因此要看離動詞最近的名詞,本句里是his wife,是單數(shù),所以要用is,即使意思翻譯起來是“不僅他,而且他老婆也愛看電視”。
5. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),意義是復數(shù),謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。
(1) The police are searching for a thief.
(2) The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
第一句話其實說的是警察這個隊伍在搜查一個賊,但是police是單復數(shù)同形,所以看上去像單數(shù),而實際上是復數(shù);第二句話cattle是表示整個牛群,但是由于單復數(shù)同形,所以會看不出來,其實意思表示整個牛群在山上吃草。
三 劍橋真題例句
1. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once.(C9P23L25)
分析:錢不可數(shù),即使它的很多也不可數(shù),不可數(shù)我們就看成單數(shù),因此動詞用is。
2. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.(C9P87L5)
分析:雖然she是和丈夫皮埃爾•居里以及Henri一起獲得了1903年的諾貝爾物理學獎,但是由于有with,而with是就前原則,因此動詞單復數(shù)跟著with前的名詞走,這句話其實順序有調整,改成我們習慣的句式是:she with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.這樣是不是就看出來了?
3. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern.(C8P47L16)
分析:有些名詞單復數(shù)同行,即單復數(shù)形式一樣。同樣的詞還有people和sheep。
4. How effectively biological control can be pressed into service is proved by the following examples.(C8P94L13)
分析:這句話有兩個動詞,分別是be和is,一句話不能同時出現(xiàn)兩個動詞,有的話說明里面嵌入了一個從句。這句話里,從how到service整個從句在整句話中充當主語,因此是主語從句,我們把主語從句看成單數(shù),因此用了is。
5. Not only we but also he has seen it.(由于劍橋和九分達人里沒有,我們引用了《中考一本解決方案》中的句子。P89)
分析:not only…but also…遵循就近原則,即動詞單復數(shù)看離它最近的主語,這里he是離動詞最近的主語,所以要用單數(shù),所以不是have seen,而是用has seen。
高考必背的英語短語
101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然
102. for a change換換環(huán)境(花樣等)
103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104. in charge of (=responsible for) 負責(某事) in the charge of …由…管
105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)負責管理(照顧)
106. charge…for 因…索取(費用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…
107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 晝夜不停地
108. comment on 評論
109. commit oneself to 使自己承擔… commit sb. to prison把某人送進監(jiān)獄;commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法寫下來;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交給委員會討論
110. in common (和…)有共同之處,共用。be common to sb. 是與某人所共有的
111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好。
112. compare…with … 把…與…比較
113. compare…to… 把…比作…
114. by comparison 比較起來
115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起來
116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 補償, 賠償,彌補 compensate sb. for sth. 賠償,彌補
117. complain of (or about)抱怨;訴苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…;complain (抱怨);complement (補充);compliment (恭維)
118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依從
119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,設想
120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,專心
121. be concerned with (=about) 與…有關
122. concern oneself about with 關心
123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一點;at the conclusion of 當…結束時;
124. condemn sb. to 判決
125. on condition that (=if)以…為條件, 假如。in that = because因為;now that = since既然 for all that = although 盡管
126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康狀況好不好 . in good (bad) condition處于良好(壞)狀態(tài)
127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承認, 供認;confess to a crime 承認罪行。
128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret) 對…講真心話, 依賴
129. in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 滿懷信心地;have confidence in 對…有信心
130. confidence in sb. sth. 對…的信賴
131. be confident of 有信心;confidential 機密的
132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范圍內
133. confirm sb. in 使某人更堅定(信念等)
134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服從;2) observe;3)comply with照…辦;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服從;6)stick to按……做
135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面對, 面臨
136. congratulate sb. on 祝賀
137. in connection with(=with regard to)關于
138. be conscious of(=be aware of)覺察,知道
139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意
140. in consequence (=as a result) 結果
141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的結果
142. under consideration 在考慮中
143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于
144. on no consideration(in no case)無論如何也不
145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考慮到, 把 …考慮進去
146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 體貼的, 考慮他人需要的, considerable相當大的,值得考慮的
147. consist of(=be composed of)由…組成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合,與…一致
148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)與…一致。be consistent in一貫的
149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意見, 就…向…請教
150. to one's heart's content盡情地,痛痛快快
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