高一英語模塊一二知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
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高一英語模塊一二知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納1
核心單詞
1. persuade
vt.說服;勸服;使相信(同convince)
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事
persuade sb. out of doing sth. 說服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信……
聯(lián)想拓展
talk sb. into/out of doing sth.=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.
說服某人做/不做某事
trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 誘使某人做/不做某事
urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 慫恿某人做/不做某事
易混辨析
advise/persuade
advise 強(qiáng)調(diào)"勸告，建議"的動(dòng)作，不注重結(jié)果;而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)"已經(jīng)說服"，重在結(jié)果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，也可以接that-clause (that sb. should do),而persuade則不能。
I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信這是真的。
We will persuade him to take the medicine.
我們將說服他把藥吃下去。
We persuaded her into taking the job.
我們說服她接受了這份工作。
I persuaded my father out of smoking.
我勸服父親戒了煙。
高一英語模塊一二知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納2
重點(diǎn)短語
1. be fond of愛好
2. treat…as…把……看作為……
3. make friends with 與……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / oversth. 與某人爭論某事
5. hunt for尋找
6. in order to為了
7. share…with與……分享
8. bring in引進(jìn);賺錢
9. a great / good many許多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困難
11. end up with以……結(jié)束
12. except for除……之外
13. come about發(fā)生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home別拘束
16. the majority of大多數(shù)
17. drop sb. a line給某人寫短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all根本;竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
交際用語
1. i think…
i like / love / hate...
i enjoy...
my interests are...
2. did you have a good flight?
you must be very tired.
just make yourself at home.
i beg your pardon?
can you tell me how to pronounce...?
get it.
高一英語模塊一二知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納3
一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號(hào)。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。
1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化： 根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì)有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked，可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請(qǐng)求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念：它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式如下：
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時(shí) was/were + 過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時(shí) will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 過去完成時(shí) had + been + 過去分詞
注意：
1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，其被動(dòng)語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動(dòng)詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：
He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He was much excited by her words.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))
5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut. 這門關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
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高一英語模塊一二知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
