初中英語里什么是主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
學(xué)習(xí)啦：什么是主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，相信很多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中都有過這樣一個疑問，下面我們一起看看這篇《什么是主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)》。
1.當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的發(fā)出者時，我們稱之為主動語態(tài)(主動句)。
We speak English.
我們講英語。
(“講”是主語“我們”發(fā)出的動作。)
He is writing a letter.
他下在寫一封信。
(writing是主語He發(fā)出的動作。)
2. 當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的承受者時，稱之為被動語態(tài)(被動句)：在中文里相當(dāng)于“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打敗了。
(主語Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一只野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主語，但在意思上，A hare是killed的賓語，即等于：Someone killed a hare.)
3.大多數(shù)“主-動-賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的主動句都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句。
(1)將原來的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，并將原來的主動態(tài)動詞詞組變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)動詞詞組。
This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced in this factory.
The found a wallet in the car.
→A wallet was found in the car.
They are repairingthe bridge.
→The bridge is being repaired.
They have repaired the bridge.
→The bridge has been repaired.
They often make fun of her.
→She is often made fun of.
He took great care of his books.
→His books were taken great care of.
→Great care was taken of his books.
(2)如果原句帶有情態(tài)動詞或半助動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，助動詞不變，隨后的主動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。
They should do this right now.
→ This should bedone right now.
They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.
→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.
They must have finished their work.
→Their work must have been finished
He is likely tolet you down.
→You are likely tobe let down.
(3)當(dāng)主動句變被動句，如果要強調(diào)施動者，可將原句主語置于by- 詞組中表達出來。
A boy found this wallet in the street.
→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.
(4)當(dāng)主動句是一個“主-動-賓-賓”結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以有兩種形式。
Father gave me a toy yesterday.
→I was given a toy yesterday.
→A toy was given to me yesterday.
(5)當(dāng)主動句是一個“主-動-賓-補”結(jié)構(gòu)時，可將原來的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，原來的賓語補語變?yōu)楸粍泳淅锏闹髡Z補語。
They named the boy Tom.
→The boy was named Tom.
We painted the wall pink.
→The wall was painted pink.
三、在英語里，有些表達只能用主動語態(tài)。
The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。
The cloth washes well.這布料很耐洗。
The drawer won’t open.這抽屜打不開。
His novel sells well.他的小說銷路很好。
This paper tears easily.這紙一撕就破。
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