考研英語(yǔ)真題翻譯及解析
考研即將進(jìn)入沖刺階段,考生的時(shí)間比較緊迫,所以,有的放矢,最大限度的把握考點(diǎn),把握命題趨勢(shì),是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。其中,考研翻譯以其綜合性和主觀題的特點(diǎn)高居四種題型難度的首位。為了幫助考生攻克這一題型,學(xué)習(xí)啦小編就為考生提供一些有針對(duì)性的備考建議,希望對(duì)考生有所幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)真題翻譯及解析
學(xué)習(xí)啦小編現(xiàn)將歷年考試中的經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行了匯總、分析,希望廣大考生能從這些總結(jié)、歸納中吸引考試中的精華內(nèi)容,提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。
句子一:
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not
tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under
more favorable circumstances.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do
not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up
under more favorable circumstances.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu):
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell.。。
2) how able是表語(yǔ)前置,正常語(yǔ)序是:an underprivileged youngster might have been how able
3)最后一個(gè)句子是虛擬語(yǔ)氣句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances
第三、詞的處理:
hey 指示代詞,測(cè)試
compensate for 彌補(bǔ)
gross social inequality 明顯的社會(huì)不公
and thus 因此
ell 說(shuō)明
underprivileged 貧困的、物質(zhì)條件差的
under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環(huán)境下
參考譯文:
例如,測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公,因此它們不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人,如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話,會(huì)有多大才干。
句子二:
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the
amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill
and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon
the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the
skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)How well.。。引導(dǎo)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)從句,How well是主語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)前置,depends是句子謂語(yǔ)
2)depends后面兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作并列賓語(yǔ)upon...and on...
3) the information used是名詞+過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
4)with which it is interpreted定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是the skill and wisdom,代詞it指代the information
第三、詞的處理:
be validated by 為……所證實(shí)
depends upon 取決于
reliability 可靠性
appropriateness 適應(yīng)性
interpreted 解釋
參考譯文:
這些測(cè)試在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí),這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應(yīng)性,以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
句子三:
Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation
depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative
validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular
situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning
comparative validity / and upon such factors as cost and availability。
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:Whether to use..., or both.。。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,depends是句子謂語(yǔ),upon... and upon.。。是并列結(jié)構(gòu)的雙賓語(yǔ)。
第三、詞的處理:
Whether to..., or 是……還是……
both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information
in a particular situation 在某一特定情況下
therefore 因此
the evidence from experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)
concerning 與……有關(guān)的
comparative validity 相對(duì)效度
such factors as... 諸如……等因素
參考譯文:
因此,在某一特定情況下,究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類的信息,或是兩者兼用,須憑有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)而定,也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無(wú)來(lái)源等因素。
句子四:
Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part
of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract,
/ as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu):
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句:Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句
3)as part of.。。是賓語(yǔ)從句中的rights的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
第三、詞的處理:
argue 論證
a social contract 社會(huì)契約
as part of 作為(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益,權(quán)利
參考譯文:
有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō),權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中,是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。
句子五:
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that
animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other
humans, or with no consideration at all。
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分為三段:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think
that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to
other humans, or with no consideration at all。
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
1)it invites you to think that.。。后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……,是表示選擇的方式狀語(yǔ)。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語(yǔ)。
第三、詞的處理:
leads ...to extremes 引向極端
at the outset 從一開(kāi)始
invites you to think 使人們認(rèn)為
consideration 關(guān)切,體諒
humans extend to other humans 人對(duì)待人
參考譯文:
這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。