考研英語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)美文閱讀
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考研英語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)美文閱讀1：
A brain chemical dubbed ‘ the hormone of love ’could encourage wallflowers to become more outgoing at social gatherings, a study shows. Now researchers have found it improves the social skills of the shy-but has little effect on those who are naturally confident. The finding could have implications for those with severe social deficiencies, often apparent in conditions like autism.
一種名叫“愛(ài)情荷爾蒙”的大腦刺激藥品能夠幫助害羞的人在社交場(chǎng)合“暢所欲言”。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)藥品改進(jìn)了害羞的人的社交技巧，但是對(duì)那些“天生自信”的人卻“收效甚微”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，藥品對(duì)那些患有嚴(yán)重的社交缺陷的人療效明顯，比如：自閉癥患者。
They conducted a test of 27 healthy adult men, giving them the hormone or a placebo via a nasal spray and then asking them to perform an‘empathetic accuracy task’. This involved watching others discussing emotional moments in their lives, then rating how they felt those people were feeling. The scientists, whose research is published in Psychological Science, also measured the participants’ social competency, using a test known as AQ which is usually used in autistic patients.
研究邀請(qǐng)了27 名健康男性，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了針對(duì)性測(cè)試。用噴霧給他們“注射”荷爾蒙，進(jìn)而觀察在“強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)確性”的任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)。他們觀察別人談?wù)撋钪屑?dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，實(shí)驗(yàn)再對(duì)他們就他人身上發(fā)生的事情的感受能力打分。研究還對(duì)參與者的“社會(huì)能力”進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，測(cè)試中囊括了一種叫做“逆境商數(shù)”(AQ)的測(cè)驗(yàn)。這種測(cè)驗(yàn)通常用來(lái)測(cè)試自閉癥患者。
The more socially comfortable participants performed well on the empathetic accuracy task regardless of whether they were on oxytocin or placebo, but less socially proficient participants performed significantly better on oxytocin, with their empathetic accuracy performance identical to that of the socially proficient participants. Prof Jennifer Bartz, of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, said: “Oxytocin is widely believed to make all people more empathic and understanding of others. Our study contradicts that. Instead, oxytocin appears to be helpful only for those who are less socially proficient. Our data show that oxytocin selectively improves social cognition in people who are less socially proficient, but had little impact on more socially proficient individuals.”
不管有沒(méi)有“催產(chǎn)素”，表現(xiàn)“自信”的人都在“同情心測(cè)試”中表現(xiàn)得很好，但是“不那么自信”的人的表現(xiàn)卻顯著提升，甚至到達(dá)了和“自信”的人一樣的水平。西奈山醫(yī)院的詹妮弗·巴茨教授說(shuō)：“人們普遍認(rèn)為‘催產(chǎn)素’能使人變得更加有同情心，更能理解別人。但是我們的研究與這種觀點(diǎn)不同。我們認(rèn)為“催產(chǎn)素”對(duì)那些社交能力不強(qiáng)的人很有效果。我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示“催產(chǎn)素”可以選擇性地改善人們的社交認(rèn)知能力，它對(duì)社交能力不強(qiáng)的人效果很好，但是對(duì)本身就很自信的人沒(méi)有什么效果。
考研英語(yǔ)雙語(yǔ)美文閱讀2：
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一門(mén)樂(lè)器能夠使大腦發(fā)生變化。這是美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練還能夠提高演講和外語(yǔ)水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
盡管過(guò)去就有人提到過(guò)聽(tīng)莫扎特或其他古典音樂(lè)可以讓人變得更聰明，但是并沒(méi)有足夠的證據(jù)證明音樂(lè)能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今，美國(guó)西北大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究從數(shù)據(jù)出發(fā)，分析探討了音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練對(duì)語(yǔ)言、演講、記憶力、注意力甚至感情表達(dá)等能力的影響。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
據(jù)研究人員妮娜·克勞斯介紹，他們的研究數(shù)據(jù)充分表明，音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)元連接能增強(qiáng)大腦在人際溝通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究報(bào)告中，這些研究人員這樣說(shuō)道：“與體育鍛煉對(duì)身體健康的影響一樣，音樂(lè)能夠增強(qiáng)大腦活力，增強(qiáng)聽(tīng)覺(jué)的敏銳度。所以我們有必要重視音樂(lè)在個(gè)人發(fā)展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克勞斯還說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)聲樂(lè)能夠提高大腦的應(yīng)變能力，也可以幫助神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)建立起一個(gè)有利于學(xué)習(xí)的架構(gòu)。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
該成果發(fā)表于《神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)自然評(píng)論》上，對(duì)近幾年該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的最新研究進(jìn)行了回顧和分析。這些研究主要關(guān)注的是音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練對(duì)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響及其可能會(huì)對(duì)教育產(chǎn)生的潛在影響。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演奏樂(lè)器能幫助提升大腦從各種復(fù)雜的過(guò)程中分辨出有價(jià)值信息的能力，這一復(fù)雜的過(guò)程可能包括看譜、記譜，計(jì)時(shí)或與其他樂(lè)師配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克勞斯在一項(xiàng)聲明中說(shuō)：“音樂(lè)家的大腦能夠有選擇性地從聲音中分辨出載有信息的元素。在感覺(jué)和認(rèn)知的不斷交互和融合中，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)能把復(fù)雜的聲音和它們所表達(dá)的意思聯(lián)系起來(lái)。”
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