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　　Literature,Architecture and Music 文學(xué)，建筑和音樂

　　1)Major American Writers and their works

　　① Bejamin Franklin(1706-1790)本杰明.富蘭克林: theonly writer in the colonial period. Works: PoorRichard'S Almanac, which is an annual collection ofproverbs.

　　殖民地時(shí)期的作家。作品：《窮理查年鑒》，一本年度諺語(yǔ)集。

　　② Washington Irving(1803-1882) 華盛頓 歐文: AHistory of New Youk紐約外史; The Sketch Book最著名的作品為《見聞札記》，his most famous book, contians “Rip Van Winkle”《瑞普.凡.溫克爾》and“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”《睡谷的傳說(shuō)》

　?、跼alph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 愛默生：the leader of the movement oftranscendentalism.超驗(yàn) 主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Works:Nature,(論自然) Self-reliance(論自助),Representative Men(代表人物), English Traits and Poems (英國(guó)人的性格和詩(shī)).

　?、?Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) 霍桑：The Scarlet Letter紅字

　?、軲ark Twain1835-1910)馬克吐溫: The Celebrated Jumping Frog(《著名的跳蛙》，成名之作) ;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(a boy book)湯姆.索亞歷險(xiǎn)記; The Adventures of HuckleberryFinn(his master work)哈克貝利.芬歷險(xiǎn)記，則是他最杰出著作; Atramp Abroad浪跡海外, Life on theMississippi密西西比河上, The Golded Age 鍍金時(shí)代and Innocents Abroad異鄉(xiāng)奇遇。

　?、轜alt Whitman(1819-1892) 沃爾特. 惠特曼: the first to explore fully the possibilities of freeverse(探索自由詩(shī)體可能性的第一人). Leaves of Grass(his masterpiece)草葉集, EmilyDickinson(1830-1886) 艾米麗. 狄更生:Death was one of the great themes of her work死亡是她作品的重要主題之一

　　⑦Theordor Dreiser(1871-1945)西奧多.德萊塞: the representative of naturalists in whose worksreported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums.自然主義代表，在他們的作品里對(duì)貧民窟的生活進(jìn)行了真實(shí)而客觀的報(bào)道。 Works:Trilogy of Desire(欲望三部曲); An American Tragedy(美國(guó)的悲劇—被公認(rèn)為最佳作品，which is considered to be his best)

　?、郥.S Eliot(1888-1965);won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1946

　　⑨Emest hemingway(1899-1967)海明威; was awarded the Nobel Prize 諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)for literaturein 1954. A Farewell to Arms永別了，武器; For Whom the Bell Tolls(the two about the first andsecond world war); 喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴(關(guān)于一、二戰(zhàn)的2篇小說(shuō))Old Man and the Sea(hisrepresentative book)老人與海(代表作).

　　2)Harlem Renaissance(哈萊姆復(fù)興) and black writing in American literature:

　　In the 1920s, Black Litrature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as theHarlem Renaissace.20世紀(jì)20年代， 黑人文學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展，后來(lái)被稱為‘哈萊姆復(fù)興’。LangstonHughes(1899-1967) 休斯 (masterpiece: The Weary Blues困倦的BLUES) and RichardWright(1908-1960) 賴特(masterpiece: Native Son土生子) were the major figures of thoseBlack writers.