英語(yǔ)句子是英語(yǔ)對(duì)話和文章的基礎(chǔ)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的初中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析，歡迎閱讀!

　　初中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析精選

　　句子是由各種詞類按照一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則組成的，可以表達(dá)完整的概念。句子開(kāi)頭第一個(gè)字母一定要大寫(xiě)，結(jié)尾要注明標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。

　　一、句子的成分

　　組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。其中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體，表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)的組成部分，其他成分如定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是句子的次要部分。

　　1 主語(yǔ) 表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”，通常用名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)任。主語(yǔ)要放在句首。

　　To say is one thing, and to do is another. 說(shuō)是一回事，做是另一回事。(不定式作主語(yǔ)) What you said hurt me badly. 你所說(shuō)的話深深地刺傷了我。(從句作主語(yǔ))

　　2 謂語(yǔ) 起著說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、特征或狀態(tài)的作用，必須用動(dòng)詞表示。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面要一致，通常在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)通常有三個(gè)表現(xiàn)形式：

　　(1)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)

　　He studies hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 The performance has already begun.演出已經(jīng)開(kāi)始。

　　(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)

　　They are picking apples. 他們正在摘蘋(píng)果。 He made us laugh heavily.他使我們大笑不止。

　　(3)連系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ) Her mother is an inspector. 她的母親是一位檢查官。

　　It is getting dark. 天色漸漸地黑了下來(lái)。

　　He is feeling well. 他現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)身體很好。

　　句子成分巧劃分 ：主在前，謂在中，賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)后面沖。短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主賓后，形、代定語(yǔ)主賓前。間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連，賓補(bǔ)位于賓語(yǔ)后，地狀常在時(shí)狀前。

　　3 表語(yǔ) 用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、身份或狀態(tài)，可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和不定式 以及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，表語(yǔ)要放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。

　　Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗這些床單和衣服。(不定式作表語(yǔ)) Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)。(動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ))

　　4 賓語(yǔ) 是及物動(dòng)詞所示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或介詞的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、 短語(yǔ)及從句都可以擔(dān)任作賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)要放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。

　　Do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在這里嗎? (動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))

　　I want only one. 我只要一個(gè)。(數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ))

　　I don't think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。(從句作賓語(yǔ))

　　注意：①某些及物動(dòng)詞之后要求有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))， 直接賓語(yǔ)指物，間接賓語(yǔ)指人。這一類動(dòng)詞有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。

　　She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些雜志給我看。

　　I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答應(yīng)在她生日那天給她一件奇妙的禮物。

　?、谠谛枰那闆r下，間接賓語(yǔ)也可以位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)之前需要加介詞。 She made me a sweater. (She made a sweater for me.) 她給我織了一件毛衣。

　　He left her three children. (He left three children to her) 他給她留下三個(gè)孩子。

　　③有些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，其賓語(yǔ)還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這樣的賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　The couple named the baby Mary.(名詞作賓 補(bǔ)) 這對(duì)夫妻給孩子取名叫瑪麗。

　　He made her unhappy. 他使她很不高興。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))

　　“Let me out!” The boy cried. “讓我出去!”那男孩喊道。(副詞作賓補(bǔ))

　　She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看見(jiàn)門(mén)外有一個(gè)男人。(介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))

　　She often helps me do the housework. 她經(jīng)常幫助我做家務(wù)。(不定式作賓補(bǔ))

　　I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我讓你等了半個(gè)小時(shí)。(動(dòng)名詞作賓補(bǔ))

　　5 狀語(yǔ)

　　狀語(yǔ)用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。通常表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方 式、程度等。狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短 語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

　　She drove fast.(副詞作狀語(yǔ)) 她把車開(kāi)得飛快。

　　There is a shelter under the post office.

　　在郵局的地底下，有一個(gè)掩蔽所。(介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

　　To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.

　　為了解放祖國(guó)，他們獻(xiàn)出了生命。(不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

　　Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.

　　那人一看見(jiàn)年邁的母親就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

　　It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.

　　昨天她回家的路上，風(fēng)刮得正大。(從句作狀語(yǔ))

　　6 定語(yǔ)

　　定語(yǔ)用于修飾名詞或代詞?？梢該?dān)任定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格、副 詞、不定式、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)及從句等等。定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡有名詞和代詞 的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。

　　The man outside the teacher's office is his father.辦公室外面的那人是他的父親。(介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)) I'll have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 這個(gè)星期六我要洗好多衣服。(不定式作定語(yǔ)) Will you say something about your travelling experience? (動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ))

　　The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(從句作定語(yǔ))正在臺(tái)上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。

　　二、句子的種類

　　(一)、簡(jiǎn)單句

　　簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都是由單詞或短語(yǔ)組成，不包含任何從句。有五種基本句型。

　　1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)

　　The new term begins. 新學(xué)期開(kāi)始了。

　　2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)

　　The girl is learning to play the piano. 這個(gè)女孩在學(xué)彈鋼琴。

　　3.主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

　　The rice got burned。 飯燜煳了。

　　4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

　　He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。

　　5. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

　　We all believed you honest. 我們都認(rèn)為你是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

　　二、并列句(簡(jiǎn)單句+連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句)

　　并列句是由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成的。其中的各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句并列平行，同等重要，相互之 間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，能夠獨(dú)立成句。它們之間要用連詞連接。并列句可分為四種：

　　1.表示相同關(guān)系 用連詞或逗號(hào)、分號(hào)連接構(gòu)成并列句。常用連詞有：and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...

　　Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 蘇姍不但跑得快，而且跳得高。

　　I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不會(huì)游泳，也不會(huì)滑冰。

　　2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 常用連詞有：but, still, yet, while等。

　　It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了，但是他還在繼續(xù)做作業(yè)。

　　She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙著做飯，而他們卻在看電視。

　　The film is not perfect, still, it's good.這部影片雖然不是無(wú)可挑剔，但還是好的。

　　3.表示選擇關(guān)系 常用連詞為：or, either...or...。

　　The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老師要見(jiàn)一下他的父親或是母親。

　　Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.這條路或那條路都通往那家醫(yī)院。

　　Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.

　　4.表示因果關(guān)系 常用連詞有for和so。

　　We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave.

　　我們急忙趕往車站，因?yàn)榛疖嚭芸炀鸵_(kāi)了。

　　The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went( did).老師讓蘇姍到她那去，因此她就去了。

　　三、復(fù)合句(主句+連詞+從句)

　　包含一個(gè)主句，一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句的句子叫復(fù)合句。從句從屬于主句并充當(dāng)主句的某一成分，如主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。中考主要考賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句。注意引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。

　　初中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析練習(xí)

　　鞏固練習(xí) 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1.There is only a chair in the room.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

　　There is _________ _________a chair in the room..

　　2. Mrs.Smith is busy. She is doing her housework now.

　　Mrs.Smith is_________ _________ her housework now.

　　3.The teacher said，“Don’t cheat in exams，children!”

　　The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.

　　4.Nick was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further. 全品中考網(wǎng)

　　Nick was _____________________________ any further.

　　5.We can’t finish the project on time unless you support us.

　　The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________.

　　6.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?

　　______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?

　　7.My cousin usually walks to school every morning. (改為同義句)

　　My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

　　__________ _________is your friend?

　　9. “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week?”Father asked me.(改為間接引語(yǔ))

　　Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

　　___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?

　　11.James spent ten years making this amazing film(保持句意基本不變)

　　__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.

　　12.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.

　　Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (合并為一句)

　　_________Chris _________Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.

　　13.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改為簡(jiǎn)單句)

　　Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.

　　14. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

　　___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus? (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

　　_______________this new computer __________________?

　　16、不同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換，主要指簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句間的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1)We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.

　　2)The room is so small that my family can't live in it.

　　The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.

　　The room is ______ small ________ my family _______ live in.

　　3)His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .

　　4)I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.

　　5)Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.

　　17、根據(jù)句意的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1) Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.

　　________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.

　　2)Sam is friendly to his classmates and his classmates are friendly to him.

　　Sam _______ ______ well with his classmates.

　　3)Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.

　　4)English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.

　　English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.

　　5)It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.

　　6) It rained heavily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.

　　7) The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.

　　The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.

　　8) I spent two hours reading the book yesterday.

　　_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.

　　9) He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.

　　10) You're very kind to help me with my maths.

　　___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.

　　11) My grandfather died ten years ago.

　　My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.

　　12) I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.

　　13) They planted millions of trees to save the farmland.

　　They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ saved.

　　15)The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.