小學英語一般過去時態(tài)學習技巧
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一、概念
表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago(剛才)，just now(剛才)， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡覺。
二、動詞過去式的構成規(guī)律
(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式
1、一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;
2、以不發(fā)音e結尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;
3、以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的動詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stopped plan→planned;
(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動詞變化表)
1、改變動詞中的元音;
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式變化
(一)一般過去時的一般疑問句
1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…?引導的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，… was. 否定回答為：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，… were. 否定回答為：No，… weren’t. 如：
(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行為動詞的句子中，要用助動詞詞did來引導，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形?？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
(二)一般過去時的否定句
1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如：(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中，要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即：didn’t + 動詞原形。如：
(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句
1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。)
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子結構
1、在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動詞用過式was，were構成。如：
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。
2、在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作，用動詞的過去式構成。如：
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。
3.各種句式
(1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句：
主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般過去時的否定句：
a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般過去時的一般疑問句：
a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句：
a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
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