托福聽力講座經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科詞匯
想要更準(zhǔn)確迅速地理解聽力內(nèi)容，我們需要掌握一些和學(xué)科相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，保持自己對此類英文詞義和詞音的靈敏度。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是讓很多同學(xué)感到頭痛的一個學(xué)科類別，下面我們來看看托福聽力講座部分涉及到的高頻經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科詞匯。
托福聽力講座經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科詞匯梳理
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) Economics
商業(yè) Business
prosper[?pr?sp?]vi.繁榮
The dotcom crash n.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫
out of business 歇業(yè)，破產(chǎn).
irrational adj.不理性的
boom and bust 繁榮與蕭條
industry n.產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)
native to 原產(chǎn)至
hail from 來自于，出產(chǎn)于
remote mountainous region n.偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)
nomad [?n?um?d]n.游牧民
merchant [?m?:t??nt]n.商人
diplomat [?dipl?m?t]n.外交官
tulip mania n.狂熱
gardening=horticulture n.園藝
disposable income n.可支配收入
luxury [?l?k??ri]n.奢侈品
commodity [k??m?diti]n.商品
specimen [?spes?m?n]n.樣本
variation [?ve?ri?ei??n]n.變種
gold [g?uld]n.金子(區(qū)：goal目標(biāo))
promissory note n.本票
guarantee [?g?r?n?ti:]v.擔(dān)保
speculation [?spekju?lei??n]n.投機(jī)
profit [?pr?fit]n.利潤
revenue =income n.收入
cost [k?st]n. 成本
borrowing [?b?r?ui?]n.借款
mortgage [?m?:gid?]n./vt. 抵押
auction [??:k??n]n./vt.拍賣
bidder [?bid?]n.投標(biāo)者
Panic [?p?nik]n. 恐慌
collapse[k??l?ps]n./vt.崩潰
service[?s?:vis]n.服務(wù)
product[?pr?d?kt]n.產(chǎn)品
potential customer n.潛在客戶
托福聽力對話題目：學(xué)生和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授
托?？荚噧?nèi)容回憶：
話題分類：student & economics professor
內(nèi)容回憶：教授一開始詢問為什么作為一個三人group，只有女生一人來，女生會發(fā)其他兩人的volleyball活動改了時間，今天趕不回來。然后師生進(jìn)入今天的主題：本組的assignment是我們在購物時可能會遇到的一些非理智小費(fèi)。比如online shopping 中，為了節(jié)省shipping fee而購買一些我們不需要或者本不想要的東西。比如一個網(wǎng)站上，一件T-shirt賣15美元，另需要5美元運(yùn)費(fèi)，另一個網(wǎng)站上同樣的T-shirt賣10美元，兩件包郵。我們的選擇可能傾向后者。最后學(xué)生也準(zhǔn)備在校內(nèi)做一個問卷調(diào)查，通過 email 的形式來詢問同學(xué)們。
托福聽力里的“別人”怎么辦
備考托福的童鞋們都知道，每篇Conversation都是一男一女在對話，聊的話題多集中在學(xué)術(shù)論文、圖書館、課程注冊或是校園生活類的場景。雖然場景不同會帶來詞匯、句子內(nèi)容上的一些變化，但是基本上來說Conversation是有很明確的“套路”的。大家有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，每當(dāng)兩人對話的時候，聊到另外的一個“別人”或者一些“別人”，經(jīng)常會在這個地方出一道題。最常見的“別人”無外乎某個老師(Professor/Teacher)、某個導(dǎo)師(Advisor/Chair/Instructor)、同學(xué)朋友(classmate/roommate/friend/student)、甚至某個家人(Parents/Brother/Cousin)等等。
我平常上課的時候會一再強(qiáng)調(diào)聽力文章里“例子”的重要性，但這里說的例子絕不僅限于for example/instance、such as/like之類的，決定一個東西是不是例子不能只依賴所謂的“提示詞”，因?yàn)闆]幾個例子是真會說到for example這樣的話的。大家一定要從內(nèi)容上出發(fā)，擴(kuò)大對于“例子”概念的理解，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)某個人、某個地方、某個東西、某種動物、一個故事、一個段子、某個經(jīng)歷都可以當(dāng)成例子，而對于這樣的例子考試經(jīng)常會出一道題：Why does the professor mention/discuss/introduce _X?
上過我課的同學(xué)一定有印象，我們在課上會專門練習(xí)“抓例子”的能力，每次聽到例子的時候讓大家養(yǎng)成下意識的習(xí)慣，在筆記里用 ~ 這個符號標(biāo)出來，聽完文章甚至在做題之前我就會問大家剛才聽到了幾個例子?有人在筆記里找到兩個~符號，有人找到三個，接下來做題的時候你會發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分例子都能對應(yīng)一道題，而沒有考出來的我則會給大伙兒加一道例子題。
我們今天聊的Conversation里的“別人”，就是一個非常有特點(diǎn)的考點(diǎn)， 我們也把它歸類到咱們的“例子”里，因?yàn)槭莻€“人”嘛。下次聽Conversation聽到了老王老張老劉，可不能再忽略了，一定要用心聽清楚當(dāng)時聊的是什么，最好能用很少的詞把這個例子涉及到的話題簡單記下來(一定不能寫得太多，寫字太多的話會影響聽本身，最好的筆記永遠(yuǎn)是字少但是信息抓得準(zhǔn)，筆記起到的是輔助記憶的作用，不能因?yàn)橛浌P記而妨礙了聽力本身，這樣就得不償失了)。
給大家找?guī)讉€托福里比較有代表性的“別人”，咱們看看這些題都長什么樣：
托福Conversation 2:
Student: The section on dialects, ‘cause…like, that’s the kind of thing that’s always sort of intrigued me, you know? … Well, especially now, ‘cause I’ve got like one roommate who is from the south and another one from New York. And we all talk like totally different, you know?
Why is the student interested in learning more about dialects?
A. she often has trouble understanding what other students are saying
B. she is trying to change the way she speaks
C. she is aware that her own dialect differs from those of her roommates
D. she spent her childhood various places where different dialects are spoken
正確答案：C
托福Conversation 2:
Student: …My chair person told me that if I did independent field research in addition to the assigned work in each course; they would count as intermediate level courses. My classmates, um, some of my classmates, did this for an easy way to meet their intermediate course requirement, but I did it to get the kind of depth in those topics I was going for….
Why does the man mention his classmates?
A. To explain how he obtained information about field research
B. To point out that many students like to do field research
C. To show that it is difficult to get intermediate-level credits
D. To emphasize his motivation to do filed research in two of his courses
正確答案：D (這道題從考點(diǎn)來看的話又是“別人”，又是別的同學(xué)跟自己的“對比”)
托福Conversation 2:
L: Actually, you need to return it today. That is if you want to check out those books today. That's our policy.
S: Oh, I didn't know that.
L: Yeah, not a lot of people realize that. In fact, every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they haven't returned books. They're allowed to use books only in the library. They're not allowed to check anything out because of unreturned books.
What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowing privileges?
A. Why the man should not photocopy part of the book
B. The reasons for one of the library’s policies
C. What will happen if the man does not return the book
D. The reason the man has to fill out a form
正確答案：C
托福Conversation 2:
Student: Okay. Here’s what happened. Um…I think my professor really miscalculated. Anyway the syllabus was way too ambitious in my opinion. There’re only 2 weeks of classes left in the semester and there are like 6 books on the syllabus that we haven’t even touched.
Why is the professor not going to discuss the book by Jane Bowles in the class?
A. There is not enough time left in the semester
B. Not all of the students were able to get a copy of the book
C. The professor miscalculated the difficulty level of the book
D. The book was not on the course syllabus
正確答案：A
托福Conversation 2:
Secretary: I don’t know how they work over there, ‘cause they couldn’t even figure out whose information was missing. And this isn’t the first time. Seems like something like this happens every semester.
What does the woman imply about the people who work in the payroll office?
A. They did not realize that they had a problem.
B. They are rather disorganized.
C. They had tried to contact the man several times.
D. They prefer to process checks manually.
正確答案：B
有點(diǎn)感覺了吧?每次聊到所謂“別人”的信息的時候都是一道題。如果你能在記筆記的時候非常簡單的記下這個信息的話(如果內(nèi)容非常簡單的話哪怕不動筆寫下來，用耳朵抓住，用腦子記也可以)，肯定能幫助你做題。
當(dāng)然了， 回到我前幾篇文章的老套路，就是教大家去“猜題”。咱們既然已經(jīng)確定“別人”是一道題了，做題的時候如果發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方?jīng)]有出題，那咱在精聽的時候就給自己加一道。
舉些例子，TPO8 Conversation 1里提到了學(xué)生的導(dǎo)師(chair), TPO 9 Conversation 2里提到了學(xué)生的一個教授(professor), TPO15 Conversation 2里提到的女孩的弟弟和父母，TPO 5 Conversation 1里提到了學(xué)生的室友(roommate)...還有無數(shù)這樣的“別人”都沒有考出來題，大家返回去重聽的時候一定要重視起來。不過也別擔(dān)心，只要能把提到這個別人時聊的話題都差不多聽懂，這個題哪怕真考出來也難不倒大家的。
托福要靠語言能力，聽懂的多自然做對題就多。咱們聊的考試套路都是輔助的工具而已。
托福備考心經(jīng) 托福聽力重點(diǎn)考察的能力有哪些
1、邏輯分析能力
關(guān)于托福聽力句子功能題、主旨類題型、組織結(jié)構(gòu)題、內(nèi)容連接題，考生要具備的托福聽力能力是能夠分析邏輯才能解題。句子功能題提問考生根據(jù)一句話來讀出作者意圖，回答這類題的托福聽力技巧是不要字面意思，對話的功能和用意可能和說話者直接表達(dá)的意思是不相符的。例如，一個秘書問學(xué)生它是否知道宿舍辦公室在哪里，她并不是想從學(xué)生那里問到宿舍辦公室在哪里。要通過聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容選擇答案。而且往往針對反問、虛擬語氣、舉例來出題;主旨類題目的托福聽力技巧在于尋找對話的主題。比如，在教授的辦公時間里，一個學(xué)生請教關(guān)于冰川論文的問題。他們的繪畫包含了冰川的內(nèi)容，但是對話的主題是學(xué)生需要寫論文的一些幫助。這個對話中，對話者的主要目的并不是想傳遞關(guān)于冰川的看法。在校園服務(wù)對話中，通常學(xué)生嘗試著解決問題。需要理解學(xué)生的問題是什么，如何解決，這些會幫助你回答好這類問題。在講座類材料中，則需要從教授的課堂一開始就把握主題。
2、基本理解
常見的考察基本理解的托福聽力題目是細(xì)節(jié)題，所以考生在托福聽力過程中要記好筆記。和托福閱讀不同，托福聽力中往往細(xì)節(jié)題是較難把握的?？忌⒁庠谶x擇答案時，要從主旨出發(fā)排除和主旨相悖的選項(xiàng)，而且也不要因?yàn)槟硞€選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了聽到的詞匯就貿(mào)然確定答案。托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容較多，記筆記時記什么?考生在備考中要分析托福聽力真題細(xì)節(jié)題，學(xué)會把握托福聽力重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。
3、推理能力
相關(guān)托福聽力題目是說話人態(tài)度題、推論題。說話人態(tài)度題需要考生把握的托福聽力能力是聽出觀點(diǎn)及說話者感受，技巧是學(xué)會注意說話者的語氣，是不是包含歉意，充滿疑惑，滿含熱情。需要一定推理能力。推論題需要考生根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)推測，類似于托福閱讀推論題，不過因?yàn)榭忌鸁o法查找信息，只能在筆記中記好文章框架，根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的信息找到所在位置。
托福聽力講座經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科詞匯梳理相關(guān)文章：
★ 托福聽力材料整理
★ 托福聽力詞匯集合
★ 最新關(guān)于托福聽力的重要常考詞匯盤點(diǎn)
托福聽力講座經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科詞匯
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