高中英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的基本用法
數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞,在英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中數(shù)詞的基本的用法大家了解嗎?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家?guī)?lái)的有關(guān)于數(shù)次的基本用法的介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的基本用法的介紹
1基數(shù)詞
1. 基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法: 345 three hundred and forty-five。英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)讀數(shù)單位,要表示漢語(yǔ)中的“萬(wàn)”,英語(yǔ)需借用thousand一詞,如“一萬(wàn)”用“十個(gè)千”表示(ten thousand),“十萬(wàn)”用“一百個(gè)千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
2. 用作基數(shù)詞單位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,但若用于表示數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)這樣的泛指,則用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大約有兩千人在地震中喪生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上萬(wàn)的人到海濱去。
3. 表示整十的基數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示人的大約歲數(shù)或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出頭。
This took place in the 1930s. 這事發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)30年代。
4.基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):
a. 與of 短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連 用,如scores of people 指許多人;
b.在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里;如:They arrived in twos and threes.
c. 表示"幾十歲",如 in his thirties
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);如in the 1980s
e. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2序數(shù)詞
序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
3數(shù)詞的用法
1)倍數(shù)表示法
a. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you.
b. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
c. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
構(gòu)成口訣:分子基數(shù)詞,分母序數(shù)詞。分子大于1,分母加-s:
1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths
4常見(jiàn)考法
1. 序數(shù)詞的不規(guī)則變法;2. 大概數(shù)的表達(dá)方法;3. 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法
5誤區(qū)提醒
1.對(duì)基數(shù)詞的形式掌握不清;2.對(duì)概數(shù)的表達(dá)詞組掌握不清;3.倍數(shù)的表達(dá)行形式混淆不清。
典型例題
1.The tsunami killed ____ people in south and southeast Asia.
A.ten thousands B. ten thousands of
C. tens of thousand D. tens of thousands of
解析:錯(cuò)選B。當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, billon 等數(shù)量單位前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)不要用復(fù)數(shù),表概數(shù)時(shí)其后加s且后加of。因此“幾十萬(wàn)”的表達(dá)應(yīng)為“tens of thousands of”,正確答案C。
2.At a rough estimate,Nigeriais ___Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
解析:錯(cuò)選A。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法不再贅述,見(jiàn)上面講解。正確答案D。
高中英語(yǔ)冠詞的語(yǔ)法作用
1常見(jiàn)考法
1.形容詞的辨析;
2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成;
3.形容詞的句法功能;
4.多個(gè)形容詞定語(yǔ)的排序;
5.形容詞的比較等級(jí)。
形容詞和副詞
1.“as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as”表示同級(jí)比較,注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認(rèn)為,教學(xué)是一門科學(xué),同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。
2.“as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”與“not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”表示同級(jí)比較,即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
這項(xiàng)工作不是像你想像的那么難。
3.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two +名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個(gè)”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容詞比較級(jí)+n.……
After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究?jī)赡曛螅F(xiàn)在我們對(duì)這種病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)。
5.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽車比自行車跑得快得多。
6.最高級(jí)
(1)最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想買僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。
(2)否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你對(duì)他在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的滿意嗎?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.
——不,不能再差了。
7.表示倍數(shù)的句型:
(1)A is+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B
(2)A is+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B
(3)A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍數(shù)+what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
這個(gè)建筑物是那個(gè)建筑物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。
?、跘fter the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后,這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。
8、形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。
1)性質(zhì)形容詞有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid,
afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice
9、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
10、用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
11、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?/p>
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序前基后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料
those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s
2誤區(qū)提醒
1.形近、意近詞的混用 2. 形容詞的句法功能用錯(cuò) 3.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成不熟悉4.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)排序不清 5.形容詞的比較等級(jí)用錯(cuò)
【典型例題】:
1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
解析:錯(cuò)選B。 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。正確答案A.
2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.
A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive
解析:因形近形容詞分辨不清而錯(cuò)選其他。根據(jù)題意,本句話表達(dá)“我們了解到,為了重建在地震中被破壞的學(xué)校,正在采取一些積極的措施”??仗帒?yīng)填“積極的”,正確答案為D。
3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.
--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.
A.well B. better C. best D. the best
解析:因形容詞比較等級(jí)用法沒(méi)掌握好而錯(cuò)選C. 此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)表最高級(jí)意思。正確答案為B。
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