過(guò)去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)用法
過(guò)去完成時(shí)，作文初中英語(yǔ)的必考時(shí)態(tài)之一，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中也占據(jù)著主要的地位，那么，過(guò)去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么、具體該怎么用呢，下面就來(lái)詳細(xì)了解一下。
過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)用法
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的定義
過(guò)去完成時(shí)①表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)過(guò)去晚些時(shí)候造成的影響或結(jié)果②過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去晚些時(shí)候?qū)?lái)可能還要延續(xù)。
一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞
①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞
②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞
③一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞? 肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had. 否定回答： No,主 語(yǔ)+had not
④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞）？
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法
1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。
2）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。
3）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
（ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night
（ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常見(jiàn)考法
對(duì)于過(guò)去完成時(shí)的考查，多以單選、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的 能力。在考試中，一般會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
典型例題1：
We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
解析：“到上學(xué)期為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五首英文歌曲”，by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
答案：A
誤區(qū)提醒:
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句中。
典型例題1：The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun; get B has been on; get C had begun; got D had been on; got
解析：題干的意思是“當(dāng)王先生到達(dá)學(xué)校的時(shí)候，會(huì)議已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了”。表達(dá)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，“到達(dá)”是過(guò)去的，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，“會(huì)議已經(jīng)開(kāi)始”在之前發(fā)生，“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，排除 A和 B。而had been on表示會(huì)議應(yīng)經(jīng)進(jìn)行了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，應(yīng)和時(shí)間段連用，所以排除。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)①表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)過(guò)去晚些時(shí)候造成的影響或結(jié)果②過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去晚些時(shí)候?qū)?lái)可能還要延續(xù)。
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before.
16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
參考答案：
1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left4. had run away..arrived5. had turned off …went 6. went …h(huán)ad made 7. said …h(huán)ad read 8 failed …h(huán)ad made 9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got 11. arrived ..had left 12.. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had ..done 15 didn't go …h(huán)ad been 16. hasn't told 17 had …given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing …was singing
單選
1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch， so she was very hungry.
A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had
4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun；get B has been on；get C had begun；got D had been on；got
參考答案：
1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C
填空
1 When I returned home， he _____ （leave）。
2 By ten yesterday evening， she ________（finish）writing.
3 He ______ （study） English for five years before he came here.
4 It ____ _____ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning.
5 I _____ （not read） the book because I had read it before.
6 She said she____ （be） born in 1992.
7 When he _____（come） to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________（learn） some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____（not see） each other since left Beijing.
9 When I got to his home， he_____（go） to bed.
10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____（come） back.
參考答案：
1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied4 had stopped5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned8 hadn't seen 9 had gone 10 had come
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過(guò)去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)用法
