高二英語必修五知識點
上了高二，就表示處于一個中間段，我們更要好好的直面高二的挑戰(zhàn)，認清高二，認清高二的自己，認清高二的任務(wù)，顯得意義十分重大而迫切。小編為你整理了高二英語必修五知識點，希望對你的學習有所幫助!
高二英語必修五知識點1
【一般過去時】
1. 一般過去時的定義
一般過去時表示過去某一時候或某一段時間所發(fā)生了的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過去時間yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past連用。如：
What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我會到了林濤。
I was there a moment ago. 剛才我在那兒。
2. 一般過去時的應(yīng)用
(1) 表示過去某時所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
Liu Ying was in America last year. 劉英去年在美國。
Jim rang you just now. 吉姆剛才給你打了電話。
(2) 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。常接時間副詞often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如：
We often went out for a walk after supper. 我們過去常在晚飯后散步。
We usually played together. 我們通常一起玩。
3. 一般過去時對謂語動詞的要求
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一般過去時的謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式。動詞過去式的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式，不規(guī)則變化通常需要逐個記憶，規(guī)則變化則遵循以下原則：
(1) 一般在動詞后加-ed。如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
(2) 在以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞后，只加-d。如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
(3) 在以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞后，則改y為i，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.
(4) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞后，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-ed。如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.
4. 特別說明
有些動詞的過去時，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般過去時，后接不定式的完成時;或它們的過去完成時接不定式的一般式，都可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望。如：
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他來邀請我參加他的婚禮。
I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算參加他們的比賽。
【現(xiàn)在完成進行時】
1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的定義
現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某動作從過去某個時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如：
We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我們等他等了兩個小時。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在完成進行時由“have /has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的應(yīng)用
現(xiàn)在完成進行時所用的時間狀語：this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 時間段, since +時間點, for + 時間段。如：
They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個月來他們一直在修橋。
They have been planting trees this month. 這個月來他們一直在植樹。
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。如：
He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。
(2) 在表示動作的延續(xù)時，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的進行。因此在需要明確表示動作還要持續(xù)下去時，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。如：
We have been studying here for two years. 我們在這兒已經(jīng)學習了兩年了。
(3) 有些延續(xù)性動詞(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別不大。如：
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在這兒住了多年了。
【動詞語法】
1 系動詞
系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞(Link Verb)，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。例如：
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。
1)狀態(tài)系動詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續(xù)系動詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。(北京安通學校提供)
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意。例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)
2 助動詞
1)協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。例如：
He doesn′t like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn′t是助動詞，無詞義;like是主要動詞，有詞義)
2) 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態(tài)。例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。(北京安通學校提供)
He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。
b. 表示語態(tài)。例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構(gòu)成疑問句。例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句。例如：
I don′t like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣。例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。
3 助動詞be的用法
1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。(北京安通學校提供)
2) be + 過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
高二英語必修五知識點2
1. put forward: 提出(計劃、建議等);將…提前;把鐘表撥快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他為這項工程提出了一個好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點半舉行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘表撥快十分鐘。
【詞語聯(lián)想】
? put away: 收起來;貯存，儲蓄
? put down: 放下;寫下，記下
? put off: 推遲;延期
? put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戲劇)
e.g. put on weight: 增加了體重
put on a new play: 上演新戲劇
? put up: 張貼;撐開(帳篷)
e.g. put up a poster: 張貼海報
put up a tent: 搭起帳篷
2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論，斷定
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團認定他有罪。
conclusion: n. 結(jié)論
【習慣用語】
★ draw a conclusion 作出結(jié)論
3. defeat vt.打敗, 擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝; 使(希望, 計劃等)失敗, 挫敗; 阻撓, 使無效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最終承認了失敗。
◆ 區(qū)別: defeat, conquer, overcome
? defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,
e.g. defeat the enemy 打敗敵人。
? conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對人、物或感情的控制”,如:
e.g. conquer nature 征服自然。
? overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:
e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困難。
4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席;參加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他決定親自赴會。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顧;看護。
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位醫(yī)生護理你?
3)to go with 伴隨
e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 這項工作帶來許多困難。
5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
不要使你的皮膚暴露在太陽光下太長時間。
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
他們不得不冒著敵人的炮火。
6. blame sb. for sth. 因為某事責備某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
★ be to blame: 應(yīng)受責備，應(yīng)負責任
Who is to blame for the mistake?這個錯誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰?
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相當于 besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.
除了英語以外，他還要學習第二外國語。
◆ 區(qū)別: in addition to, except, besides,beside
? in addition to：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進關(guān)系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整體中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了請柬.
? besides表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與in addition to 同義，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我們都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁邊。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁邊。
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1)He speaks French as well as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. announce: 公布;宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的決定。
9. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海綿吸水。
【習慣用語】
2)專心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 專心的，全神貫注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 這個小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。
10. challenge n.挑戰(zhàn); 挑戰(zhàn)書; 邀請比賽; 要求決斗
vt. 向...挑戰(zhàn), 要求, 懷疑 ; vi. 挑戰(zhàn), 對(證據(jù)等)表示異議
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面對嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)
Unit 2:
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒有進行時)
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來)
? divide...into 把…分開 (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習慣用語】
★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語+賓補( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
convenient: adj.
13. attraction:
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù) n.)
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂見的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)
e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
attract: v.
14. influence
1) v. 對…產(chǎn)生影響
e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事
e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響
e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
Unit 3:
1. impression n. 印記;印象;感想;后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句;
e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.他給我的第一印象不錯。
I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我覺得他們不滿于當時的狀況。
高二英語必修五知識點3
一、過去分詞
過去分詞兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。它在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語或狀語。這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法。
1. 作定語
作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語
過去分詞作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過去分詞作表語，相當于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過去分詞作表語時，應(yīng)注意與被動結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點;被動結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)謂語動作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過去分詞做狀語
①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強調(diào)時間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用 if 等詞
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
⑤表伴隨，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. _來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應(yīng)進行倒裝。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會游泳，我也不會。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學遲到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車站,火車就離開了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開,電話就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學好英語。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個時間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
省略句：
一、省略的目的
省略多見于非正式文體，尤其在對話中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語中的省略一般說來有三個目的：
1.避免重復，減少累贅。省略的主要目的是避免重復，去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
(省掉最后九個詞，句子簡潔了許多)
2.連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得比較緊湊)
3.強調(diào)重點，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略謂語 speaks，突出了 too loud)
二、句子成分的省略
為了避免重復，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。
1.省略主語
Beg your pardon.請你原諒。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活該(= It serves you right.)
2.省略謂語
Anything the matter? 要緊嗎?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表語
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表語 ready)
4.省略賓語
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了賓語 problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes)
5.省略定語
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money)
6.省略狀語
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的應(yīng)用
在一個句子中，省略可分為依賴上下文省略和不依賴上下文省略兩種。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1.簡單句中的省略
依賴上下文的省略在對話中最為常用。
Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
—Not at all. 一點也不。
(= I do not mind at all.)
—Will he pass this examination?
Probably. 大概會的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)
不依賴于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 請上船(= All go aboard.省略謂語)
Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主語 I)
What about having a game of chess?
Sounds like a good idea.
2.并列句中的省略
(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語)
Everybody appears well prepared.
(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常?？梢允÷缘?，以避免重復。通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、賓語或其他萬分，或句子萬分的一部分。
省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主語)
省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.
我們能夠，而且一定會在明天的比賽中獲勝。(前一分句省略謂語 + 賓語)
前后兩個分句都出現(xiàn)省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.
復合句中的省略
在主從復合句中，活力的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.
省略整個主句或主句的一部分(回答問題時常用)。
(It is a)Pity he's failed.
If he says he'll come, he will(come).
3.在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞是 be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是 it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和 be 省略掉。
以 when, while, once, until 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句。
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
4.在比較從句中通常把和主句重復的部分省掉。
省略謂語的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.
Tom has as many books as Jack.
省略主語和謂語的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表語部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 young)
省略主語和謂語的大部分，保留狀語
He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)
省略主語
He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略賓語
You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)
省略從句的全部
You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)
主句和從句中可同時省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).
【二】
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒有進行時)
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來)
? divide...into 把…分開 (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習慣用語】★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語+賓補( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
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