在英語(yǔ)中什么是賓語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句用法及其例句
在英語(yǔ)中什么是賓語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句用法及其例句
英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的位置關(guān)于英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的位置,迄今為止,國(guó)內(nèi)外的各派英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)家們雖然有過(guò)研討,,但下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的在英語(yǔ)中什么是賓語(yǔ)，歡迎閱讀。
在英語(yǔ)中什么是賓語(yǔ)
名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句可作賓語(yǔ)。
賓語(yǔ)，又稱受詞，是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作(動(dòng)詞)的接受者。賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)兩大類，其中直接賓語(yǔ)指動(dòng)作的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的非直接，但受動(dòng)作影響的對(duì)象。一般而言，及物動(dòng)詞后面最少要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，而該賓語(yǔ)通常為直接賓語(yǔ)，有些及物動(dòng)詞要求兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，則這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)為直接賓語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)為間接賓語(yǔ)。
英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句用法及其例句
一、賓語(yǔ)從句用法
時(shí)態(tài)： 1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現(xiàn)從不限” 2.主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主過(guò)從四過(guò)” 3.主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。
(一)、賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
從屬連詞
連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.
that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句,
if和whether，whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句.
He told me (that )he would go to college the next year 他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
沒(méi)有人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試.
(二)連接代詞
連接代詞主要有who,
whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么?
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
(三)連接副詞
連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
二、動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句
We all expect (that )they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work. 他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中,他們都會(huì)幫忙的.
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句
I have found out (that) all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.
Can you work out (that)how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句
常見(jiàn)的這些詞有:
make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤.
可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我沒(méi)去聚會(huì),感覺(jué)非常遺憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天寫(xiě)日記成了習(xí)慣.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it
這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
開(kāi)啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
?、廴糍e語(yǔ)從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有價(jià)值的.
三、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句 ：
用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
這本新書(shū)是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句
有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無(wú)所知. 四、形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.
我確信我會(huì)通過(guò)考試.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別
?、?if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if ② 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④ 在不定式前只能用whether. (如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。) ⑤ 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些賓語(yǔ)從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
當(dāng)that作
learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí);
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于主句尾,賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí);
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí); 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí);
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);
在直接引語(yǔ)中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)時(shí).
七、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句
主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是
think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he won’t come to my party.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)我的舞會(huì).
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來(lái)不仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講課,是不是?
八、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)
?、?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書(shū),可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.
?、趶木溥^(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴了Mary.
③從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
記者問(wèn)政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
?、苋绻麖木涫且粋€(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn).
?、莓?dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰(shuí)為他們最喜歡的歌手.
賓語(yǔ)從句(版本二)
學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。
1.引導(dǎo)詞
1.從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。 2.從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether。在 whether „ or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。 3.從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇
what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語(yǔ)+其他
2.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。
2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3.關(guān)系代詞：that，who，whom,whose,which
eg: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where
答：選B，動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表疑問(wèn)含義“哪一個(gè)„”而此句中并非疑問(wèn)含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過(guò)去的一座舊廟宇”;temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語(yǔ)，use sth. as„“把„用作„
賓語(yǔ)從句用作賓語(yǔ)。如：
Do you know where he lives?
定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：
The student who answered the question was John. 回答問(wèn)題的學(xué)生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
Do you know the girl who is in red?
語(yǔ)法
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
1.that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句無(wú)意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外：
(1)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句的that不省略
(2) and連接的幾個(gè)從句，第二個(gè)從句以后的從句的that不省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
(3)在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：
(1)whether從句中有or not
(2)whether從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)常是：
主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞等賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);具體細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 賓語(yǔ)從句(版本三)
賓語(yǔ)從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞后。 eg. Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes?
(1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致：
主句謂語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí); He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需; eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過(guò)去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí);
eg.He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
(2)否定前移，及完成反意問(wèn)句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句否定式時(shí)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。(注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱) eg. I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
(3)運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況
在表示： 建議 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request; 決定 decide; 命令 order、command、require; 堅(jiān)決主張 insist; 等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用(should)+v.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
eg. I suggested that you(should)study hard.
He ordered that we should go out at once.
(4)賓語(yǔ)從句后置情況
如果賓語(yǔ)從句后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句后置 eg.You may think it strange that he would live there.
(5)賓從中that不可省略的情況
賓語(yǔ)從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略
A.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他不能省略。
eg.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.
B.當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.
C.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)
eg.That our team will win，I believe.
賓語(yǔ)從句(版本四)
一、定義和賓從例句分析
賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 A 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ): I heard the news. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 名詞作賓語(yǔ) I heard that he would come here later on.
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作賓語(yǔ)---賓語(yǔ)從句
B 作介詞的賓語(yǔ): He said nothing about the plan. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 介詞 名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ) He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 介詞 一個(gè)句子作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
二、帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成
帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 賓語(yǔ)
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam.
when she would leave this building.
why she cried last night.
where she was going to study.
which student was his partner in the short play.
if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem.
why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí))，從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的一種，(大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外)。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在例子5中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。
三、注意
A 賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài);具體細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 賓語(yǔ)從句的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴 賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下： 一，引導(dǎo)詞
A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。 例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?/p>
例：I don’t think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))
l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)
B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否„”的賓語(yǔ)從句。
Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 l賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ))
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，
賓語(yǔ)從句從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例:
1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me„是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事項(xiàng)：
u由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
u賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。
由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I con’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live. DO SOME EXERCISES: 1.Can you see________? A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子) Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4.He didn’t know__________ A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____ A.who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was 6.I want to know_____
A.what is his name B. what’s his name
THANK YOU! C. that his name is D. what his name is 7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for? ---Her cousin,susan. A.that B.whose C .who D.which 8.---What are you searching the Internet for? ---I’m trying to find out____. A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea 9. Do you know___________?(誰(shuí)正在唱歌) 10. Do you know___________?(她正在和誰(shuí)談話) 11. Do you know___________?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事) The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 D. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B 9 who is singing 10 who she is talking with 11 what happened yesterday
看了在英語(yǔ)中什么是賓語(yǔ)的人還看了：
2.什么是英語(yǔ)的賓格 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓格簡(jiǎn)介
7.英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中怎樣寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單句
10.初中英文句子成分劃分