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<p>演講前緊張?jiān)趺从行Э朔?/p><p>　　如何在臺(tái)上演講不緊張，這是<span>每一位試圖去突破自己的演講者，首先會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題，怎么</span><span>使你的演講在人前眼前一亮，下面小編給大家整理了關(guān)于演講前緊張?jiān)趺从行Э朔Ｍ阆矚g。</span></p><p><strong>演講前緊張?jiān)趺从行Э朔?/strong></p><p>1、微笑。</p><p>當(dāng)你特別緊張時(shí)，不妨面帶微笑。為此，請(qǐng)你放松你的下巴，抬起你的臉頰，張開(kāi)你的嘴唇，向上翹起你的嘴角，用輕松歡快的節(jié)奏對(duì)你自己說(shuō)：“憶些趣事”，它將使你意識(shí)到臉、心和腦之間的聯(lián)系，這種聯(lián)系的價(jià)值就是使你心中和腦中的快樂(lè)反映在臉上，呈現(xiàn)出你所預(yù)想的愉快表情：放松、清醒、警惕，看起來(lái)既舒服，又給人以有能力的感覺(jué)，仿佛你已真正放松和滿足。研究證明，當(dāng)人們微笑時(shí)，內(nèi)腦接收的訊息通常是積極的，并且能使身體處于放松和滿足狀態(tài);當(dāng)人們處在焦慮和恐懼中時(shí)，微笑也能產(chǎn)生同樣的效果。無(wú)論你是否意識(shí)到微笑對(duì)自我控制緊張感所起到的作用，這種“人為的”努力表明了內(nèi)腦在毫不懷疑其真實(shí)性的情況下對(duì)外部訊息作出了積極有效的反應(yīng)。</p><p>2、對(duì)自己傳遞積極的訊息。</p><p>然后，和微笑一起，你需要利用的一個(gè)積極的訊息。它可以是一個(gè)積極話語(yǔ)，例如，“這種情境不過(guò)是提醒我，我有能力將緊張轉(zhuǎn)化為能量”。</p><p>3、運(yùn)用想像力。</p><p>隨即，運(yùn)用想像力。在你的腦海中想象出一片林間空地。在空地的一邊是一塊絕壁，底部有一個(gè)洞穴。在你的背上有一個(gè)背包，里面放著你的那些緊張感。把背包放在洞穴的入口，進(jìn)入洞穴。隨著你一步步地走進(jìn)，你注意到這個(gè)洞穴里面溫暖舒適，并且非常明亮。在前方，你聽(tīng)到了流水的聲音。循著水聲走去，你看見(jiàn)了一個(gè)金色的高腳玻璃杯，里面滿溢出一種像水晶一般清透的液體。這液體就是你想要帶入你的生活的能量。它從這個(gè)高腳杯里留出來(lái)，傾瀉在地上。你舉杯喝下它。當(dāng)你喝著的時(shí)候，你感到這些能量充滿了你的身體。不可思議的是，你一邊喝，這個(gè)高腳杯一邊自動(dòng)充滿并且還不斷溢出。杯子永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)空。你渴望的東西是充裕的，而且這充裕將一直為你而存在。當(dāng)你喝飽的時(shí)候，把杯子放回去，心里想著任何時(shí)候你都可以回來(lái)。走出洞穴，回到陽(yáng)光下，慢慢地把你自己從想象狀態(tài)中喚醒。</p><p>4、與身體的感覺(jué)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。</p><p>與身體的感覺(jué)聯(lián)系起來(lái)意味著，與鑒別出緊張點(diǎn)時(shí)相比，你感覺(jué)自己已經(jīng)逃離緊張狀態(tài)并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有生產(chǎn)力的能量，你感到自己已經(jīng)更為放松。人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在這種時(shí)候會(huì)深深吸一口氣?，F(xiàn)在，你可能就想這樣做。但是，不管你是否深吸一口氣，都要想像自己的身體開(kāi)始放松并感到相當(dāng)滿意和舒適，而給你造成緊張的事情正離你遠(yuǎn)去。</p><p>5、想像緊張感正在消失。</p><p>用一些時(shí)間想像自己正在遠(yuǎn)離緊張情境，直到你在內(nèi)心看到它離自己已相當(dāng)遙遠(yuǎn)。</p><p>6、返回目前的活動(dòng)中。</p><p>最后，準(zhǔn)備好回到當(dāng)前。通過(guò)這種方式，你基本已經(jīng)把緊張轉(zhuǎn)化成能量。</p><p><strong>講克服緊張的自信暗示法</strong></p><p>演講者不應(yīng)在上臺(tái)演講前多想可能導(dǎo)致演講失敗的因素，如“不要緊張不要害怕”、“我忘了演講詞怎么辦?”、“聽(tīng)眾嘲笑我怎么辦?”等等。這種負(fù)面的自我暗示往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗的結(jié)局。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中大家也經(jīng)常會(huì)看到這樣一幕：小寶寶手里端著一個(gè)玻璃杯子，媽媽在一旁就特別擔(dān)心小寶寶把杯子給打碎了，所以就對(duì)小寶寶說(shuō)：“不要打碎、不要打碎、千萬(wàn)千萬(wàn)不要打碎!”結(jié)果還是打碎了。更有趣的是到了晚上，媽媽就囑咐小寶寶不要尿床、不要尿床、千萬(wàn)千萬(wàn)不要尿床!結(jié)果怎么樣?又尿床了。</p><p>為什么是這樣呢?從心理學(xué)角度講，人的潛意識(shí)分不清楚是非對(duì)錯(cuò)，正確與否，它只接受肯定的信息。什么不要打碎、不要尿床、不要緊張、不要害怕等否定信息一概排斥，潛意識(shí)只接受打碎、尿床、緊張和害怕的肯定信息。</p><p>所以演講者對(duì)自己的演講題材和演講效果要充滿自信，更要在精神上鼓勵(lì)自己去爭(zhēng)取成功。演講者可以用以下積極正面的文字反復(fù)暗示、刺激自己：“我的演講內(nèi)容對(duì)聽(tīng)眾具有極大的價(jià)值，聽(tīng)眾一聽(tīng)一定會(huì)喜歡”;“我非常熟悉這類演講題材，我一定會(huì)成功”;“我已準(zhǔn)備得非常充分了”，等等。每次在演講前暗示自己：我會(huì)講得很好，會(huì)講得很成功，聽(tīng)眾會(huì)非常喜歡聽(tīng)我的演講。想象演講結(jié)束，聽(tīng)眾掌聲雷動(dòng)的情形，熱血沸騰的動(dòng)人場(chǎng)面。這個(gè)方法我屢試不爽。</p><p><strong>演講克服緊張的提綱記憶法</strong></p><p>初學(xué)演講者常常把能夠背誦演講稿作為準(zhǔn)備充分的標(biāo)志。背誦記憶，對(duì)于初學(xué)演講者可能是一種必要的準(zhǔn)備方式。但是，背誦依賴的是機(jī)械記憶，逐字逐句的記憶不僅耗費(fèi)演講者大量的時(shí)間，而且容易造成演講者心理麻痹。實(shí)際的演講過(guò)程中，一旦因怯場(chǎng)、聽(tīng)眾騷動(dòng)，設(shè)備等突然出現(xiàn)故障而打斷了演講者的思路，機(jī)械記憶的鏈條往往就被截?cái)?，演講者腦海中會(huì)一片空白，導(dǎo)致演講停頓。此外，單純的背誦記憶，還極易形成機(jī)械單調(diào)的“背書(shū)”節(jié)奏，喪失了演講應(yīng)該具備的激情和人情。</p><p>著名政治家、演講家丘吉爾，年輕時(shí)也常常背誦演講稿而后發(fā)表演講。在一次國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)議的演講中，丘吉爾突然忘記了下面的一句話，他不斷重復(fù)最后一句話仍然無(wú)濟(jì)于事，最后只得面紅耳赤地回到座位上。從此，丘吉爾放棄了背誦演講稿的準(zhǔn)備方式。</p><p>對(duì)于大多數(shù)的演講來(lái)說(shuō)，我們提倡用提綱要點(diǎn)記憶法。提綱要點(diǎn)記憶的一般程序是：首先，就有關(guān)演講的主題、論點(diǎn)、事例和數(shù)據(jù)等做好演講筆記，最后整理成翻閱方便的卡片。然后，對(duì)筆記或卡片上的材料深思、比較并補(bǔ)充，整理出一份粗略的演講提綱，提綱注明各段的小標(biāo)題。最后，在各段小標(biāo)題下面按序補(bǔ)充那些重要的概念、定義、數(shù)據(jù)、人名、地名和關(guān)鍵性詞句。至此，一份演講提綱基本完成。在整理演講材料和編排綱目的過(guò)程中，演講者應(yīng)反復(fù)思考和熟悉了解自己的演講內(nèi)容，而在演講時(shí)僅僅將演講提綱作為提示記憶的依據(jù)。</p><p><strong>怎樣克服恐懼的心理</strong></p><p>一.當(dāng)感到緊張、不安時(shí)，可以將心情放松下來(lái)，有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行深呼吸，將腦子放空，不要去想那些讓自己感到懼怕的人或事，在深呼吸的過(guò)程里思想一些美好的事情，告訴自己：這沒(méi)有什么大不了的，隨著時(shí)間的流逝這一切都會(huì)過(guò)去的。</p><p>二.可以找到親近的家人和朋友來(lái)傾訴，告訴他們?yōu)槭裁醋约簳?huì)感到恐懼，因?yàn)槭裁锤械娇謶?。有時(shí)候，傾訴也是一種緩解的方式，在傾訴的過(guò)程中放下內(nèi)心對(duì)恐懼事物的壓力，并尋求家人和朋友在這件事上給與的建議和意見(jiàn)。</p><p>三.多閱讀一些正能量的書(shū)籍，來(lái)消除內(nèi)心的恐懼和緊張。有時(shí)候，一些懼怕是人自己想象出來(lái)的，其實(shí)可能這件事并沒(méi)有自己所想的那樣值得懼怕，但是已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的情緒無(wú)法改變和克制。因此，可以選擇讀一些正能量的書(shū)籍，來(lái)驅(qū)散內(nèi)心軟弱的重?fù)?dān)。</p><p>四.每天給自己一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)。例如害怕跟人交際，可以每天早上起床對(duì)著鏡子說(shuō)：“我相信自己可以輕松自如的與人交流?！贝舐暤毓膭?lì)自己時(shí)，內(nèi)心會(huì)受到影響。每天堅(jiān)持幾分鐘，每天不間斷地去做時(shí)，會(huì)慢慢走出懼怕。</p><p><strong>寫(xiě)演講詞還有以下幾點(diǎn)需要考慮。</strong></p><p>1.考慮普通話的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程度，盡量用發(fā)音比較容易聽(tīng)清楚的詞來(lái)表達(dá)想法。</p><p>2.考慮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)間限制，比如規(guī)定1800字的演講，不考慮互動(dòng)的話演講稿全文需要控制在3200字以內(nèi)，否則會(huì)超時(shí)。需要互動(dòng)，演講詞就需要控制在2500字以內(nèi)，否則也會(huì)超時(shí)。</p><p>3.考慮演講稿長(zhǎng)度的限制，如何提供一個(gè)有吸引力的開(kāi)頭，如何制造亮點(diǎn)，如何給力結(jié)束?都需要斟酌的。</p><p>寫(xiě)演講詞最大的好處是可以顯化自己的思想，避免自己出現(xiàn)辭不達(dá)意或者不知所云的錯(cuò)誤，又避免自己在壓力下隨口發(fā)揮，導(dǎo)致演講內(nèi)容拖沓冗長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題。</p><p>越是短的演講，對(duì)演講辭要求越高，一寸短一寸險(xiǎn)，寫(xiě)演講詞是我必然的選擇，寫(xiě)好了以后我還得反復(fù)改呢!4反復(fù)排練雖然已經(jīng)做了很多準(zhǔn)備工作，而且也做了試講，還寫(xiě)了演講稿，但是我還需要一遍遍練習(xí)。</p> 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